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Physical Diagnostics > Vital Signs > Flashcards

Vital Signs Flashcards

1
Q

What is the normal oral temp in fahrenheit? Celcius?

A
  1. 2 F

36. 8 C

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2
Q

What is an oral fever in fahrenheit? Celsius?

A

100.4 F or higher

38-38.5 C or higher

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3
Q

What are the 5 sites for measuring body temp?

A 
Oral
Rectal
Axillary
Tympanic membrane
Skin/temporal artery
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4
Q

What is the most common site to take a temp?

A

orally

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5
Q

What is the best temp site?

A

rectal

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6
Q

How does rectal temp differ from oral temp in degrees?

A

rectal is 1 F higher than oral

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7
Q

What are the best temp sites for babies, infants, and sometimes the elderly?

A

rectal and axillary

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8
Q

How does axillary body temp differ from oral in degrees?

A

axillary is 1 F lower than oral

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9
Q

Which temp site is closest to the body core temp?

A

tympanic membrane

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10
Q

T/F?

Temporal artery measures heat produced by temporal arteries

A

true

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11
Q

Which 2 temp sites utilize infrared technology and are used for quick assessment (ex: post op)?

A

tympanic membrane and skin/temporal artery

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12
Q

A pt should avoid what before taking an oral temp?

A

Avoid eating/drinking hot/cold foods/drinks within 15 min prior to taking oral temp

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13
Q

What is pyrexia?

A

Fever, or raised body temp.

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14
Q

What is hyperthermia?

A

elevated body temp., usually in response to prolonged hot, humid weather, but is not considered a fever

common in Florida!

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15
Q

Define hyperpyrexia

A

extremely high body temp/fever that goes above 106.7 F / 41.5 C due to changes in the hypothalamus

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16
Q

Define hypothermia

A

abnormally low body temp., typically dangerous when it is 95 F or less / 35 C or less

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17
Q

Pulse though palpation can be done with which arteries?

A

carotid, brachial, femoral, popliteal, and radial artery

radial is most commonly used

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18
Q

What does PVD stand for?
Pay special attention to which patients?
PVD is common where?

A

PVD is peripheral vascular disease

Look out for this in pt with heart disease, hypertension, and diabetes

PVD is common in the lower extremities, this is why you should take LE pulses for these patients

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19
Q

When looking for PVD, you take lower extremity pulses. What arteries are you palpating?

A

dorsalis pedis (DP) artery and posterior tibial (PT) artery

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20
Q

T/F:

Elevated pulse may be compensating for something else wrong in the body

A

true

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21
Q

Elevated pulse may indicate…

A

tachycardia, heart problems, stress, etc.

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22
Q

What is the most common pulse site?

A

radial pulse is most common palpated at the radial artery

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23
Q

How do you measure someone’s pulse?

A

count for 15 sec and multiply by 4 to get rate/min

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24
Q

When measuring someone’s pulse what should you be taking note of?

A

rate/min
rhythm
volume (weak, thready, etc)

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25
Q

For pulse there may be 3 variations in rhythm and volume. What are they?

A

regular
regularly irregular (regular pattern to irregularity)
irregularly irregular

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26
Q

If a pulse is described as absent or nonpalpable, what does this mean in terms of scale? Examples that may cause this?

A

0 or 0/4

Ex: asystole, thrombosis, or occlusion

27
Q

If a pulse is described as weak, diminished amplitude, or may have difficulty locating, what does this mean in terms of scale? Examples that may cause this?

A

1, 1/4, 1+/4

Ex: stenosis, left ventricular failure, hypovolemia, anemia, dehydration

28
Q

If a pulse is described as normal or readily palpable, what does this mean in terms of scale? Examples that may cause this?

A

2, 2/4, 2+/4

Ex: hemodynamic stability

29
Q

If a pulse is described as strong, increased amplitude, or quickly palpable, what does this mean in terms of scale? Examples that may cause this?

A

3, 3/4, 3+/4

Ex: anxiety, mild exertion, caffeine

30
Q

If a pulse is described as bounding, what does this mean in terms of scale? Examples that may cause this?

A

4 or 4/4

Ex: fever, strenuous exercise, fear, cocaine

31
Q

Define bradycardia

A

slower than expected heart rate, generally beating fewer than 60 bpm

32
Q

Define tachycardia

A

very fast, rapid heart rate

33
Q

What is the normal heart rate range?

A

60-90 bpm

34
Q

What is COPD?

A

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

forces air out of the lungs, not fully involuntary anymore

35
Q

Should you warn a pt you’re about to measure their respiration?

A

no, pt should not be aware that you are counting breaths- once they think about it, their normal resp. will change

36
Q

How do you measure respiration?

A

count for 30 sec and multiply by 2

37
Q

When measuring respiration what should you take note of?

A

depth (normal, shallow, or deep)
rate
rhythm
effort

38
Q

What is the normal range for respiration?

A

12-20 bpm

39
Q

Define eupnea

A

normal, good, healthy, and unlabored breathing, sometimes known as quiet breathing or resting respiratory rate

40
Q

What is bradypnea?

A

breath is SLOWER than normal (it can mean your body is not getting enough oxygen)

41
Q

What is tachypnea?

A

RAPID breathing, often shallow

42
Q

Define hyperpnea

A

abnormally rapid breathing: increased rate, rhythm, and depth

43
Q

C with a line over it is an abbreviation for what?

A

“with”

44
Q

How would you write a BP with an auscultatory gap in a chart?

A

BP = 170/90 C an auscultatory gap at 150-190/90

150-190 means you can’t hear anything in that range

45
Q

When you first put on a BP cuff should you be able to feel the brachial or radial artery easily?

A

Yes, but once you inflate and start measuring for BP, the blood supply will be blocked from the brachial/radial artery

46
Q

120/80 what is the systolic here? Diastolic?

A 
120 = systolic
80 = diastolic
47
Q

What is arteriosclerosis?

A

When blood vessels harden/stiffen with age

This is why health professionals attempt to avoid an auscultatory gap

48
Q

What is atherosclerosis?

A

This is different from arteriosclerosis

Atherosclerosis is from too much plaque of fatty material in the blood vessels, this does not occur with age, or cause auscultatory gap

49
Q

What are Korotkoff sounds?

A

thumping heart sounds when measuring bp

50
Q

What is the official name for a BP dial?

A

Aneroid sphygmomanometer dial

51
Q

When you hear the first thump, note the needle’s position and record the _______ pressure

A

Systolic

When you hear the first thump, note the needle’s position and record the systolic pressure

52
Q

When you hear the last thump, note the needle’s position and record the _______ pressure

A

Diastolic

When you hear the last thump, note the needle’s position and record the diastolic pressure

53
Q

What measurement is mmHg?

A

millimeters of mercury

54
Q

When taking BP, a pt should not….

A

1) drink caffeine within 30 min
2) cross legs when measuring BP
3) arms should be at heart level when measuring, nowhere else

55
Q

What is normal BP?

A

120/80 or less

56
Q

What is the prehypertension range?

A

120-139/ 80-89

57
Q

What is orthostatic hypotension (also called postural hypotension)?

A

Pt (typically older pt) feels woozy/lightheaded when they change positions

58
Q

How do you test a pt for orthostatic hypotension?

A

Have pt lay in supine position and take BP, after 3 min take BP standing

If the BP is drastically different (15+ mmHg), this means the pt has orthostatic hypotension

If this is the case, tell pt to change positions from standing, sitting, laying, etc. slowly

59
Q

T/F

When taking a patient’s BP, you should indicate the side it was measured on

A

true

60
Q

If you have a new pt should you take their BP once or twice?

A

twice- one measurement on each side (L/R)

Make sure that the BP does not differ any more than 10-15 mmHg

61
Q

Are all vital signs objective evidence?

A

yes

62
Q

What are the 5 main types of vital signs? What is an additional vital that some healthcare professionals do?

A 
temp. 
BP
respiration
pulse
pain

blood oxygen saturation

63
Q

Is pain considered subjective or objective?

A

It can be both, but in terms of vitals it is objective because pain levels can be tested for different types

64
Q

What is a pulse oximeter measuring?

A

how well RBCs carry oxygen

Physical Diagnostics (13 decks)

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