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ENT Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 parts of the ear?

A

external, middle, and inner ear

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2
Q

Helix and antihelix of the ear are both cartilaginous or boney composition?

A

cartilaginous

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3
Q

What is another name for the pinna?

A

oracle

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4
Q

What is another name for the external acoustic meatus?

A

auditory canal

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5
Q

List the types of hearing loss

A

1) conductive hearing loss
2) sensorineural
3) mixed/both

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6
Q

The middle ear is bounded laterally to the ______

A

eardrum / tympanic membrane

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7
Q

The middle ear is bounded medially to the ______

A

cochlea

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8
Q

T/F

The middle ear is filled with air

A

true

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9
Q

The auditory canal is ____ cartilaginous and ____ covered by bone

(Hint: both answers are fractions)

A

1/3, 2/3

The auditory canal is 1/3 cartilaginous and 2/3 covered by bone

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10
Q

The outer ear/ auditory canal is innervated by which cranial nerves?

A

CN5 (CNV) trigeminal nerve

CN10 (CNX) vagus nerve

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11
Q

What are the 3 auditory ossicles?

A

malleus, incus, and stapes

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12
Q

What are the smallest bones of the body?

A

the auditory ossicles

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13
Q

The inner ear is innervated by which cranial nerve?

A

CN8 (CNVIII) auditory vestibular nerve (also called vestibulocochlear nerve)

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14
Q

The middle ear is innervated by 2 cranial nerves. What are they and where are they specifically attached to?

A

tensor tympani muscle is attached to the malleus, which is innervated to CN5 (CNV, trigeminal nerve)

stapedius muscle is attached to the stapes, which is innervated to CN7 (CN VII, facial nerve)

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15
Q

The eustachian (auditory) tube opens into where? What cranial nerve is it innervated by?

A

Opens into the nasopharynx, which is innervated by CN10 (CNX, vagus nerve)

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16
Q

Sound waves make the tympanic membrane vibrate and the vibrations pass through the ossicles. What phase of hearing is this?

A

phase 1, conductive hearing

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17
Q

The cochlea senses vibrations and codes these vibrations to send to the vestibulocochlear nerve to send information to the brain. What phase of hearing is this?

A

phase 2, sensorineural hearing

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18
Q

When examining the ear, you’re only looking at what part of the ear?

A

the external ear

We are unable to directly examine the middle or inner ear without damaging it

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19
Q

The inner ear contains what for equilibrium?

A

vestibule and semicircular canals

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20
Q

What is otorrhea?

A

ear discharge

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21
Q

What is otalgia?

A

ear pain

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22
Q

When looking at the external ear, what general assessments may you use?

A

inspection and palpation

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23
Q

What is acute otitis externa?

A

external ear infection of the auditory canal

24
Q

What are the 2 tests for hearing acuity?

A

1) whispered word technique

2) finger rub technique

25
What are the 2 tests for hearing loss?
Weber and Rinne test
26
When doing the weber test, the sound travels through bone. The sound waves are transmitted through which cranial nerve?
CN8 (CNVIII) vestibulocochlear nerve/ auditory vestibular nerve
27
When performing a weber test, where should the tuning fork be placed?
midline of the head, pt should be able to hear equally on both sides if normal
28
What is it called if a pt can hear something better on one side than another?
lateralization SOAP ex: better in left ear = hearing lateralizes to left
29
You can hear better through ____ but longer through _____
You can hear better through bone but longer through air
30
Describe a rinne test
strike turning fork on hand and place handle on the mastoid process (assesses bone conduction) when pt can no longer hear the noise, hold the tuning fork approx 3in from ear. Can pt hear this? It assesses air conduction
31
<, >, or =? bone conduction (BC) ____ air conduction (AC) indicates conductive loss
BC > AC indicates conductive loss
32
<, >, or =? bone conduction (BC) ____ air conduction (AC) indicates no hearing loss OR sensorineural loss
BC < AC indicates no hearing loss OR sensorineural loss
33
How does using an otoscope on adults differ from children? Why is this important?
for adults= pull up, out, and back children= down and back this attempts to straighten the ear canal as much as possible to get a better view
34
If you see otorrhea (ear discharge) when examining a pt with an otoscope what should you do?
back out
35
What is a hematoma in the ear?
blood accumulated under the skin
36
What color should a normal tympanic membrane be?
grey/translucent
37
What is acute otitis media?
ear infection of the middle ear, typically bulging with fluid
38
Define sinuses
openings lined with mucus membranes
39
What are the 4 paranasal sinuses on the face?
maxillae (2 maxilla) ethmoid frontal sphenoid
40
What is another name for turbinate bones in the nasal passageway?
conchae
41
When checking if a pt can smell, what cranial nerve are you testing?
CN1 (CNI) olfactory nerve
42
What can you use to test a patient's smell?
coffee beans, eucalyptus oil, wintergreen oil, etc
43
What is a loss of smell called?
anosmia
44
What general assessment techniques should you use on the sinuses?
inspection, palpation, and percussion for percussion, just once your index finger
45
What is sinusitis?
congestion/inflamed sinuses
46
What does "nares" mean?
nostrils
47
What does "patent" mean in a medical setting?
open/unobstructive
48
What is xerostomia?
dry mouth
49
What should you always ask a pt when examining their oral cavity?
When was the last time you were at the dentist?
50
Define dysphagia
difficulty swallowing
51
Define dysphonia
difficulty speaking (change in voice)
52
Gingiva is the fancy word for what?
gums
53
What is candida?
a fungal infection, commonly seen on tongue as a white substance that can easily be scraped off
54
If a pt sticks out their tongue and you see that the uvula is depressed and deviated to one side, AND pt has difficulty swallowing with lack of taste, which cranial nerve is damaged?
CN9 (CNIX) glossopharyngeal nerve
55
A beefy red colored tongue indicates.....
severe tonsillitis
56
If a pt cannot stick out their tongue normally and it deviates to the side, which cranial nerve is damaged?
CN12 (CN XII) hypoglossal nerve
57
What is cerumen?
earwax

Physical Diagnostics (13 decks)

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