Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physical Diagnostics > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

Where can you find the sternomanubrial angle?

A

in line with the 2nd rib

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the main function of rib cage?

A

protection for lungs, heart, liver, esophagus, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How many ribs articulate directly with the sternum?

A

Ribs 1-7

Only the first 7 ribs articulate directly with the sternum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which ribs articulate with the costal cartilage?

A

ribs 8,9, and 10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which ribs are the floating ribs? Do they articulate anything?

A

ribs 11 and 12

no, they don’t articulate anything

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which rib is an anatomical landmark for finding the distal tip of the scapula?

A

rib 7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Rib 12 is easily palpable from which anatomical side?

A

posterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Rib 11 is easily palpable from which anatomical side?

A

laterally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the cervical spine range?

A

C1-C7

C1= atlas
C2= axis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

If you have a pt flex their neck, which part of the cervical spine is the most prominent? What is another name for this spot?

A

C7 is also called vertebral prominence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where can you find the midclavicular lines?

A

runs through the left and right clavicle, and in line with nipples all the way down to abdominal region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where can you find the scapula lines?

A

runs through the left and right inferior angles of the scapula all the way down to the lower back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where are the lungs in relation to the rib cage?

A

the lungs protrude 2-4 cm above the clavicle, above the inner 1/3 of clavicle

the inner 1/3 of clavicle is protecting the lung apex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How far down do the lungs reach normal/average ribs anteriorly? What about a bigger person?

A

lungs are huge, they cross rib 6 and go down to rib 7

in a bigger pt, the lungs may reach to rib 8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How far down do the lungs reach normal/average ribs posteriorly? What about a bigger person?

A

lungs can project down to rib 10

in a bigger pt, it may go down to rib 12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does bifurcates mean?

A

divide into 2 branches or forks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The trachea bifurcates into primary bronchi. What is this point called?

A

Carina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Where can you find the tracheal bifurcation point, Carina?

A

right behind the angle of Louis and in front of T4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the primary muscle for inspiration?

A

the diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the secondary muscles for inspiration?

A

external intercostal muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

T/F

We don’t really need to use muscles for expiration because its passive

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What does the parietal pleura line?

A

the thoracic cage (serous membrane)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What does the visceral pleura line?

A

covers/folds over the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

When would your body need to recruit more muscles for inspiration/expiration?

A

vigorous exercise, COPD, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Where is the pleural cavity found? What is the cavity filled with? What is the purpose of this fluid?

A

it’s the space found between the parietal and visceral pleura

pleural cavity is filled with serous fluid

the fluid is there to reduce friction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Inspiration is always active breathing, however, if a pt has COPD, poor posture, or pneumonia, the respiratory system may need to recruit additional muscles for inspiration. What are these additional muscles?

A

accessory muscles, recruits the SCM and the scalene muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Expiration is typically passive, however active expiration is possible in patients with COPD, deep breathing exercises, stressful situations, etc. What muscles are recruited for active expiration?

A

abdominal muscles will help increase pressure to force air out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

List a few examples of what a cough might indicate:

A 
left sided heart failure
congestion
URI
COPD
smoking lungs 
bronchitis
asthma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is hemoptysis? What is it indicative of?

A

cough with blood streaks

indicative of ulcers, TB, CF, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is dyspnea?

A

difficult/labored breathing, SOB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What does wheezing sound like?

A

a whistling sound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is tachypnea?

A

breathing too fast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea?

A

SOB occasionally during sleep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is orthopnea?

A

discomfort when breathing while lying down flat

35
Q

Chest pain is indicative of…

A

heart attack, angina, or pleurisy

36
Q

Define pleurisy

A

inflammation of lung tissue (pleural membranes) caused from infections such as the flu

37
Q

Respiratory system uses which tools for a PE?

A

all 4: inspection, palpation, auscultation, and percussion

38
Q

Define diaphoresis

A

excessive, abnormal sweating

39
Q

What is the normal/average respiratory rate?

A

10-14/min (….she also said 12-20 prior)

average is approx 12/min

40
Q

Where should you be looking when checking for cyanosis?

A

lips and nails

41
Q

What is the tripod position? Who does the tripod position?

A

pt sitting leaning forward with hands on knees

often used for patients with obstructive diseases to help them force air out

also seen in patients who have orthopnea, they cannot lay flat so they need to be reclined

examples of such patients: COPD, emphysema, etc

42
Q

What are the 5 chest configurations?

A

1) normal
2) barrel chest
3) kyphosis
4) pectus excavatum
5) pectus carinatum

43
Q

What does a barrel chest mean? Who does it commonly affect?

A

the chest diameter increased anteriorly and posteriorly

results in flattening of diaphragm, commonly seen in COPD patients ***

44
Q

What is kyphosis?

A

increased front-to-back curve of the spine that interferes with chest/lung movements

often seen together with scoliosis

45
Q

What is pectus excavatum?

A

“funnel chest”, affects breathing **

depressed/compressed chest and sternum

congenital (born with)

46
Q

What is pectus carinatum?

A

“pigeon chest”

protrusion of the chest

does not affect breathing **

47
Q

How do you perform a chest excursion?

A

find the 10th rib and pinch up the skin between the thumbs, have pt take deep breath and see how your hands move along their back

it should be symmetrical breathing

asymmetrical breathing is lateralized to one side

48
Q

What is lateralized breathing indicative of?

A

respiratory disease

49
Q

Describe tactile fremitus assessment

A

place ulnar side of hand against pt upper back

have pt say 99

you should hear/feel vibrations

50
Q

If you perform tactile fremitus on a pt and the vibrations sound LOUD, what does this indicate?

A

lung consolidation, there is fluid in the lungs

51
Q

If you perform tactile fremitus on a pt and the vibrations sound muffled/quiet, what does this indicate? What does this mean?

A

pleural effusion

there is excess serous fluid in the pleural cavity and displaced the lungs upward

52
Q

What is the difference between lung consolidation and pleural effusion in terms of location of fluid

A

lung consolidation is when the air in lungs is replaced with something else (such as pus, blood, etc)

pleural effusion is when there in excess fluid in pleural cavity

53
Q

How should pt be seated when percussing their lungs?

A

have pt cross arms in front of chest and grab their own shoulders (it expands the lungs)

54
Q

If you percuss a solid organ, such as the liver, what should it sound like?

A

dull and short

55
Q

If you percuss the lungs, which are filled with air, what should they sound like?

A

resonance (sounds like an echo)

56
Q

If you percuss a hollow organ, such as the stomach, what should it sound like?

A

high-pitched, called the tympanic sound

57
Q

What sound do lungs filled with fluid make to percussion?

A

dull loud thud

58
Q

When you percuss a pt with emphysema, what will you hear?

A

hyper-resonance (drum sound)

59
Q

What happens in the lungs of a pt who has emphysema?

A

walls of alveoli are lost

which means there is decreased surface area and decreased gas exchange causing breathlessness (lungs become hollow)

60
Q

What is the proper technique for lung percussion?

A

wrist movement with 1 finger taping on distal phalanx of 3rd finger

61
Q

What are normal breath sounds called and what do they sound like?

A

vesicular breath sounds

soft + low pitched

62
Q

How do you auscultate the lungs?

Hint: how many locations do you listen to?

A

minimum of 3 places anteriorly

minimum 3 places posteriorly

63
Q

What are you listening for when you auscultate the lungs?

A

wheezing (airways partially blocked)
rales/crackles (pulmonary edema)
rhonchi (secretions in airways)
bronchial breath sounds (pneumonia)

64
Q

What do rales/crackles in the lungs sound like?

A

when you rub your hair together next to your ears

65
Q

What do rhonchi in the lungs sound like?

A

a slurping sound

66
Q

If you hear bronchial breath sounds what are the 3 tests you should do in office?

A
  1. egophony test
  2. bronchophony test
  3. whispered pectoriloquy
67
Q

What is the egophony test?

A

auscultate and have pt say “e, e, e, e”

if it sounds like “a, a, a, a” = fluid in lungs/egophony present

68
Q

What is the bronchophony test?

A

auscultate and have pt say “99”
if 99 is heard clearly/loudly = abnormal/fluid present
if 99 sounds indistinct/muffled = normal

69
Q

What is the whispered pectoriloquy test?

A

auscultate and have pt whisper “1, 2, 3, 4…”

if whisper sounds loud, there there is fluid in lungs

70
Q

What do bronchial breath sounds sound like?

A

scuba mask underwater

71
Q

bronch(o)-

A

pertaining to: bronchus

ex: bronchitis
def: inflammation of the bronchus

72
Q

-capnia

A

pertaining to: carbon dioxide

ex: hypercapnia
def: excessive carbon dioxide in the blood

73
Q

chondro-

A

pertaining to: cartilage

ex: chondroma
def: hyperplastic growth of cartilage

74
Q

costo-

A

pertaining to: ribs

ex: costochondritis
def: inflammation of the rib cage

75
Q

muc(o)-

A

pertaining to: mucus

ex: mucolytic
def: agent that dissolves mucus

76
Q

phren(o)-

A

pertaining to: diaphragm

ex: phrenohepatic
def: pertaining to the diaphragm and liver

77
Q

pleur(o)-

A

pertaining to: pleura

ex: pleuritic
def: pertaining to inflammation of the pleura

78
Q

-pne(o)-

A

pertaining to: breath

ex: dyspnea
def: difficulty in breathing, SOB

79
Q

pneumo-

A

pertaining to: lungs

ex: pneumonectomy
def: surgical removal of lung tissue

80
Q

spiro-

A

pertaining to: to breathe

ex: spirogram
def: a tracing of respiratory movements

81
Q

-stern(o)-

A

pertaining to: sternum

ex: costosternal
def: pertaining to the ribs and sternum

82
Q

List vital sign findings, inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation information for emphysema

A

vital sign findings: stable

inspection: increased anteroposterior diameter, use of muscles, thin individual
palpation: decreased tactile fremitus
percussion: increased resonance, decreased excursion of diaphragm
auscultation: decreased lung sounds, decreased vocal fremitus

83
Q

List vital sign findings, inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation information for pneumonia

A

vital sign findings: tachycardia, fever, tachypnea

inspection: possible cyanosis
palpation: increased tactile fremitus
percussion: dullness
auscultation: bronchial breath sounds

84
Q

List vital sign findings, inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation information for pleural effusion

A

vital sign findings: tachypnea, tachycardia

inspection: often normal, lag on affected side
palpation: decreased fremitus, trachea shifted to other side
percussion: dullness
auscultation: absent breath sounds

Physical Diagnostics (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions