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N210 > vital signs > Flashcards

vital signs Flashcards

1
Q

vital signs

A
  • shows response to physical, physiological, medical, and nursing treatments
  • baseline, shows changes to patient’s normal
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2
Q

normal body temp range

A

96.8-100.4 F

36-38 C

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3
Q

other names for fever

A

febrile

pyrexia

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4
Q

what age group usually has lower temps?

A

elderly (fevers may look different)

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5
Q

what regulates the body’s temperature?

A

hypothalamus

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6
Q

what increases temperature in a woman?

A

ovulation

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7
Q

what two age groups have less control over their temperature?

A

the old and the young

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8
Q

hyperthermia

A

heat exhaustion or heat stroke (elderly are more susceptible) - vasodilation

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9
Q

hypothermia

A

body temperature less than 95F or 35C - vasoconstriction

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10
Q

symptoms of fever

A
  • chills
  • malaise
  • increased metabolism (increased oxygen, fluid, and nutrition needs)
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11
Q

pulse

A

reflects functioning of cardiovascular system

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12
Q

pulse is an indirect measure of what?

A

cardiac output

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13
Q

normal range for pulse

A

60-100 bpm

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14
Q

normal strength for a pulse

A

+2/4

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15
Q

bradycardia

A

pulse less than 60

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16
Q

tachycardia

A

pulse greater than 100

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17
Q

what do you look at a pulse for?

A
  • rate
  • rhythm
  • strength
  • equality
  • elasticity
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18
Q

what does bleeding do to a pulse?

A

bleeding will increase a pulse at first, the the BP will drop and the pulse will follow

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19
Q

normal rate for respirations

A

12-20

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20
Q

eupnea

A

normal breathing

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21
Q

dyspnea

A

labored or difficulty breathing

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22
Q

bradypnea

A

respiration rate less than 12

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23
Q

tachypnea

A

respiration rate greater than 20

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24
Q

what can affect the movements of the chest wall?

A
  • pregnancy
  • obesity - decrease lung volume
  • ms abnormalities - kyphosis
  • trauma
  • chronic disease - COPD or emphysema
25
Q

is inspiration an active or passive process?

A

active

26
Q

is expiration an active or passive process?

A

passive

27
Q

surfactant

A

chemical for surface tension - absent in premature babies

28
Q

ventilation

A

amount of air inhaled per day

29
Q

perfusion

A

supply organs with oxygenated blood

30
Q

atelectasis

A

collapse alveoli prevent exchange

31
Q

what is hyperventilation?

A

more ventilation required to maintain levels of CO2

32
Q

what causes hyperventilation?

A

stress and anxiety

33
Q

what do you do for hyperventilation?

A
  • slow down breathing

- breath into a bag to rebreath CO2

34
Q

cardiac output equation

A

CO = SV x HR

35
Q

what is cardiac output?

A

amount of blood the heart ejects each minute

36
Q

what is stroke volume?

A

amount of blood the heart ejects during systole

37
Q

what is hypoventilation?

A

inadequate ventilation to meet O2 demand or remove enough CO2

38
Q

what causes hypoventilation?

A
  • lung disease
  • collapse alveoli
  • too much O2 to COPD pts
39
Q

what creates ventilatory drive in healthy patients?

A

increased CO2

40
Q

what creates a ventilatory drive in COPD patients?

A

decreased O2

41
Q

orthopnea

A

difficulty breathing while laying down

42
Q

hemoptysis

A

bloody sputum

43
Q

what kind of medication suppress breathing?

A

pain meds

44
Q

what is a pneumothorax?

A

air of fluid in the pleural space

45
Q

what is a hemothorax?

A

blood in the pleural space

46
Q

what are the symptoms of pneumothorax and hemothorax?

A
  • pain
  • dyspnea
  • shock
    (expect a chest tube)
47
Q

what sounds do you hear with blood pressure?

A

korotkoff sounds

48
Q

how should the pt be positioned for blood pressure?

A

pt should be relaxed with arm at the level of the heart

49
Q

what is a direct measurement of oxygen in the blood?

A

blood gas measurement

50
Q

what is an indirect measurement of oxygen in the blood?

A

pulse oximetry

51
Q

what should a pulse ox be above

A

90

52
Q

what can interfere with a pulse ox reading?

A
  • movement
  • jaundice
  • dark nail polish
  • outside light
53
Q

is oxygen a drug?

A

yes

54
Q

when do you suppress a cough?

A

only if it disrupts sleep

55
Q

what do you want to know about a cough?

A
  • chronic or recent?

- productive or nonproductive?

56
Q

what is hypoxia?

A

decreased levels of O2 throughout the body

57
Q

what is hypoxemia?

A

decreased levels of O2 in the blood

58
Q

what is a late sign of hypoxia?

A

cyanosis

N210 (8 decks)

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