random things that i don't know Flashcards
what are aerobic exercises?
endurance-type exercises where muscles move in a rhythmic and coordinated manner for a sustained period
- require oxygen to generate energy
what are examples of aerobic exercise?
- brisk walking
- running
- cycling
- swimming
what are anaerobic exercises?
exercises that involve short and intense bursts of physical activity
- do require more oxygen transport
what are examples of anaerobic exercises?
- sprinting
- weight lifting
- high intensity interval training (HIIT)
what are isometric exercises?
same length - muscles don’t get any longer or shorter by bending a joint
what are isotonic exercises?
same weight - the weight on the muscles stay the same
what are isokinetic exercises?
same speed - the muscle is contracting at the same speed
what are examples of isometric exercises?
- wall sit
- plank
- pullup hold
what are examples of isotonic exercises?
- push-ups
- pullups
- lifting weights
- lunges
- sit-ups
what are examples of isokinetic exercises?
- exercise bikes
- ellipticals
- treadmills
orthopneic position
assumed to relieve orthopnea (difficulty breathing except when in an upright position); the patient assumes an upright or semi-vertical position by using pillows to support the head and chest or sits upright in a chair.
dorsal recumbent position
the patient lies on the back with the lower extremities moderately flexed and rotated outward. It is employed in the application of obstetrical forceps, repair of lesions following parturition, vaginal examination, and bimanual palpation
what is GAS?
general adaption syndrome - responses to stress that require the entire body syndrome
what are the three stages of GAS?
general adaption syndrome - examples include jump scares
- alarm stage - fight or flight
- resistance - adaption
- recovery or exhaustion
what is LAS?
local adaption syndrome - a localized response to stress on the body
what are examples of LAS?
local adaption syndrome - bodies attempt to maintain homeostasis
- clotting
- pupil constriction
- inflammatory response
- reflex pain response
what is PTSD?
severe anxiety following exposure to a violent traumatizing event or to physical/emotional abuse
what are some stress management techniques?
- exercise
- relaxation techniques
- meditation
- imagery
- aromatherapy
- biofeedback
- acupuncture
- chiropractic adjustments
- touch therapy
- massage
- reflexology
what is stress?
any disturbance in a person’s normal balanced state
is stress always bad?
no - it can motivate and keep a person alert, when it is overwhelming it becomes bad
what is effective coping?
adaptive
what in ineffective coping?
maladaptive
what does stress do to the cardiovascular system?
- angina
- decreased cardiac output
- MI
- tachycardia
what does stress do to the immune system?
the body’s immune cells can’t differentiate what are good and bad cells and it leads to an autoimmune disorder
is loss/grief always about death?
no - it can be loss of independence, loss of function, or decreased quality of life
significant loss leads to grieving which can cause …
delay of healing or interference with health
what are the stages of Kubler-Ross’s grief model?
not everyone experiences every stage and it can occur out of order
- denial
- anger
- bargaining
- depression
- acceptance
what are examples of denial?
- “not me”
- state of shock
- “I don’t believe it”
what are examples of anger?
- “why me?”
- “why is this happening/”
- can take anger out on others
- may be major or subtle
what are examples of bargaining?
- “if only I can live to this …”
- “yes me, but…”
- normally bargaining with God or a higher power
- person asks to see a birth, graduation, or wedding
what are examples of depression?
- withdrawn state
- sadness
- not clinical depression
what are examples of acceptance?
- the person doesn’t want death but comes to terms with it and accepts it
- may lack emotion
is grief more intense the more that the person is attached?
yes
what is palliative care?
aggressive treatment for the care of a patient who is no longer treating the disease to be cured but is desiring levels of comfort
what is hospice?
care for a pt. when the provider guarantees less than six months to live
- dignity
- comfort
what is an advance directive?
written or oral instruction stating a person’s wishes regarding healthcare if they are unable to make decisions for themselves
what is a living will?
a document that provides specific instructions about healthcare preferences
what is a durable power of attorney or a healthcare proxy?
a person who is identified to make healthcare decisions when a patient can’t make decisions for themselves
why is an autopsy done?
to determine the cause of death
what are some needs of patients as they die?
- physiological - personal hygiene, pain control, oxygen, fluids
- psychological - collaboration with family
- spiritual needs - provide appropriate interventions
what is rigor mortis?
stiffening of the body after death
what is algor mortis?
the blood stops circulating and the body temperature is dropping 1C per hour till room temperature
what is livor mortis?
the body appears blueish due to RBC breakdown from blood not circulating
what is beneficence?
to do good or promote good actions that should benefit
what is fidelity/veracity?
faithfulness, keep promises to patients
- don’t make promises you can’t keep
what are the five kinds of laws we focused on?
- statutory - created by legislative officials
- common/judicial - think judges, individual cases
- criminal - felony and misdeamonr
- civil - personal rights, doesn’t hurt society as a whole
- tort - injury against person or property, penalty in form of money
what is negligence?
unintentional tort: practice below standard of care
- failure to do what is reasonable
what is malpractice?
unintentional tort: professional
- locking wheels
- bed alarms
- neurovascular check
what is elective surgery?
surgery that is the clients choice
- commonly cosmetic
what is urgent surgery?
necessary for health and to prevent further problems
- colon resection
what is emergency surgery?
done immediately to save a live or preserve a body part
- appendectomy
- trauma
what is ablative surgery?
removal of a diseased body part
what is reconstructive surgery?
restore function or appearance
- acl repair
what is constructive surgery?
restore results of congenital abnormalities
- scoliosis
what does a fever indicate after surgery?
initially, a spike of temperature is normal, but 3-6 days later could mean infection
what is medical aspesis?
the goal is to reduce the number, growth, transfer, and spread of pathogenic material
what is surgical asepsis (sterile technique)?
to keep an area or object free from ALL microorganisms
what is innate immunity?
our bodies automatic defense with no memory
- skin
- mucous membranes
- secretions
what is adaptive memory?
the bodies defense with antigens and antibodies
what is disinfection?
it eliminates many or all microorganisms besides spores
what is sterilization?
the complete elimination or destruction of all microorganisms, including spores
what is standard precaution?
- gloves
- hand hygiene
- clean equipment
- semi-private room
- masks, eye protection, face shield, gown
what are airborne precautions?
used for very small droplets (TB, varicella, measles)
- private room
- N95
- negative pressure
- full-face protection if splashing or spraying occurs
what are droplet precautions?
used for bigger droplets (flu, strep, scarlet fever, rubella)
- private room or share with the same infection
- gloves and gowns
- masks in close proximity
- nonporous bag for disposal
what are contact precautions?
within three feet of patient or direct care (RSV, wound infections, herpes, impetigo, MRSA, scabies)
- gloves
- gown
- hand hygiene
- nonporous bag for disposal
what are precautions for c. diff?
- private room or share with the same infection
- hand hygiene with soap and water
- gloves
- gown
- nonporous bag for disposal
what are neutropenic precautions?
protects patient with low immune systems from what I may carry
- no live plants or flowers
- no raw foods
- no sick visitors
- hand hygiene
- glove and gown
- mask if sick
what are ligaments?
connects bone to bone
what are tendons?
muscle to bone
what leg moves forward first with a walker?
bad leg first, the second leg follows
what are subcultures?
groups within a culture
- teenagers in America
what is race?
genetic
what is ethnicity?
characteristics that are shared within a group
what is ethnocentricism?
describes a belief in the superiority of one own culture over another
what is cultural awareness?
appreciation of the external signs of diversity
what is cultural competence?
gaining cultural knowledge/awareness of individuals from other groups
what are cues and interferences?
pt lies tense —> pt is in pain
does bad spelling and grammar hurt credibility?
yes
what is Maslow’s hierarchy?
- physiological needs
- safety
- love/belonging
- esteem
- self-actualization
what are the five rights of delegation?
- right task
- right circumstance
- right person
- right direction/communication
- right supervision
