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N210 > fluids, acids, and bases > Flashcards

fluids, acids, and bases Flashcards

1
Q

fluid amount

A

volume

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2
Q

fluid concentration

A

osmolarity

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3
Q

degree of acidity

A

pH

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4
Q

fluid decreases as what increases?

A

age

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5
Q

what is intracellular fluid (ICF)?

A

fluids within cell

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6
Q

how much total body water is ICF?

A

2/3

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7
Q

what is extracellular fluid (ECF)?

A

fluid outside the cells (3 types)

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8
Q

how much total body is ECF?

A

1/3

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9
Q

what are the three types of ECF?

A

interstitial - lymph channel
intravascular - plasma/blood
transcellular - CSF, synovial fluid, parietonial fluid

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10
Q

what happens to cells in isotonic solution?

A

no change

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11
Q

what happens to cells in hypertonic solution?

A

cells shrink

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12
Q

what happens to cells in hypotonic solution?

A

cells swell

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13
Q

what is an example of an isotonic solution?

A

0.9% normal saline

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14
Q

what is an example of a hypotonic solution?

A

0.45% saline - more diluted

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15
Q

what is an example of a hypertonic solution?

A

3% saline - more concentrated (used with peripheral edema to shrink cells and remove access fluids)

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16
Q

what is active transport?

A

movement of ions against osmotic pressure to an area of higher pressure; requires energy

17
Q

what is diffusion?

A

passive movement of electrolytes or other particles down the concentration gradient (from higher to lower concentrations)

18
Q

what is osmosis?

A

movement of water (or other solute) from an area of lesser to one of greater concentration

19
Q

what is filtration?

A

movement across a membrane, under pressure, from higher to lower pressure

20
Q

what are some hormones that regulate fluids?

A
  • adh
  • raas
  • aldosterone
21
Q

what part of the brain controls thirst?

A

hypothalamus

22
Q

what 4 organs normally deal with fluid output?

A
  • skin
  • lungs
  • GI tract
  • kidneys
23
Q

what are examples of abnormal output of fluid?

A
  • vomiting
  • wound drainage
  • hemorrhage
24
Q

what are two lab values that show respiratory acidosis?

A
  • ph <7.35

- CO > 45 (increases in CO2 can be caused by hyperventilation)

25
Q

hypoventilation can cause an increase in what lab value?

A

CO2

26
Q

what are two lab values that show respiratory alkalosis?

A
  • ph >7.45

- CO < 35 (decreases in CO2 can be caused by hyperventilation)

27
Q

hyperventilation can cause an decrease in what lab value?

A

CO2

28
Q

what are two lab values that show metabolic acidosis?

A
  • ph <7.35

- HCO3- < 22

29
Q

what are two lab values that metabolic alkalosis?

A
  • ph >7.45

- HCO3- >26

N210 (8 decks)

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