fluids, acids, and bases Flashcards
fluid amount
volume
fluid concentration
osmolarity
degree of acidity
pH
fluid decreases as what increases?
age
what is intracellular fluid (ICF)?
fluids within cell
how much total body water is ICF?
2/3
what is extracellular fluid (ECF)?
fluid outside the cells (3 types)
how much total body is ECF?
1/3
what are the three types of ECF?
interstitial - lymph channel
intravascular - plasma/blood
transcellular - CSF, synovial fluid, parietonial fluid
what happens to cells in isotonic solution?
no change
what happens to cells in hypertonic solution?
cells shrink
what happens to cells in hypotonic solution?
cells swell
what is an example of an isotonic solution?
0.9% normal saline
what is an example of a hypotonic solution?
0.45% saline - more diluted
what is an example of a hypertonic solution?
3% saline - more concentrated (used with peripheral edema to shrink cells and remove access fluids)
what is active transport?
movement of ions against osmotic pressure to an area of higher pressure; requires energy
what is diffusion?
passive movement of electrolytes or other particles down the concentration gradient (from higher to lower concentrations)
what is osmosis?
movement of water (or other solute) from an area of lesser to one of greater concentration
what is filtration?
movement across a membrane, under pressure, from higher to lower pressure
what are some hormones that regulate fluids?
- adh
- raas
- aldosterone
what part of the brain controls thirst?
hypothalamus
what 4 organs normally deal with fluid output?
- skin
- lungs
- GI tract
- kidneys
what are examples of abnormal output of fluid?
- vomiting
- wound drainage
- hemorrhage
what are two lab values that show respiratory acidosis?
- ph <7.35
- CO > 45 (increases in CO2 can be caused by hyperventilation)
hypoventilation can cause an increase in what lab value?
CO2
what are two lab values that show respiratory alkalosis?
- ph >7.45
- CO < 35 (decreases in CO2 can be caused by hyperventilation)
hyperventilation can cause an decrease in what lab value?
CO2
what are two lab values that show metabolic acidosis?
- ph <7.35
- HCO3- < 22
what are two lab values that metabolic alkalosis?
- ph >7.45
- HCO3- >26
