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Troxell Intern Notes > Visualization > Flashcards

Visualization Flashcards

1
Q

11 Components of VISUALIZATION

A
  • Head tilt/rotation
  • High shoulder
  • Low shoulder/shoulder drop
  • Rib humping
  • Dishing
  • Loss of smooth lateral thoracic arc (stacking)
  • Scoliosis
  • Pelvic tilt
  • Buttock/Glutes
  • Foot flare
  • Antalgic posture
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2
Q

What 3 structural changes are caused by a misaligned ilium, seen in POSTURAL assessment?

A
  • Change in gluteal folds
  • Change in leg length while weight-bearing and prone
  • Foot flare & heel wear
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3
Q

What causes a high shoulder?

A
  • Open wedge in the mid-thoracic spine on the side of the high shoulder
  • PS shoulder
  • Scapula fixed superiorly on that side
  • SC subluxation
  • AC subluxation
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4
Q

What would cause a lower PSIS, lower gluteal fold, & higher iliac crest on that side?

A
  • PI ilium
  • anatomically short leg
  • fallen arch in foot
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5
Q

What causes shoulder drop?

A
  • Paralysis of trapezius

- CN XI, C3/C4

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6
Q

Unilateral toe-out foot flare:

A
  • IN ilium

- PEX tibia

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7
Q

Bilateral toe out foot flare:

A
  • base posterior sacrum
  • Knee problem
  • overweight children who may outgrow it
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8
Q

Unilateral toe in foot flare:

A
  • EX ilium
  • anterior talus (inversion sprain)
  • paralysis of the extensor muscles
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9
Q

Bilateral toe in foot flare:

A
  • Posterior S2 tubercle

- HYPERlordosis in pigeon toed children who walk too early

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10
Q

Where is the location of edema during the 4 ilium misalignments?

A

ASIN–>anterior/superior
PIEX–>Posterior/Superior
PIIN–>anterior/inferior
ASEX–>posterior/inferior

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11
Q

Describe the relationship of sacrum to AS/PI ilium?

A

AS–>sacrum is posterior

PI–>sacrum is anterior

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12
Q

What occurs with a short leg on the left, and an occiput reading on the left?

A

Left condyle is raised

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13
Q

What would cause a higher PSIS, higher gluteal fold, & lower iliac crest?

A

AS ilium

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14
Q

Is edema palpable in an EX ilium?

A

YES, because it is along the posterior aspect of the joint

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15
Q

What does a flax buttock indicate?

A
  • IN iliium

- Posterior rotated sacrum on involved side

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16
Q

What does a narrow, peaked buttock indicate?

A
  • EX ilium

- Sacrum may be rotated posterior on the opposite side

17
Q

With an IN ilium, what is the associated pelvic rotation, feet rotation, and head/torso rotation?

A

Pelvis–>rotated internally
Feet–>rotated externally (‘toe-out”)
Head/torso–>rotaed to fix compensation

18
Q

What would you check if your patient has antalgic position?

A
  • first check lumbar region

- may be base posterior sacrum if patient is unable to stand up straight

19
Q

Why is the head held in a neutral position?

A

because it is a protective mechanism and the individual will be more able to detect and react to changes that affect balance and well-being

20
Q

How does head position effect balacne and well-being?

A
  • because the vestibular apparatus in the inner ear

- tells brain the head position so that correction may be made if needed

21
Q

What’s more common, head tilt or rotation?

A

-Head tilt–>due to how the atlas & occiput articulate

22
Q

Why is rotation less common than head tilt?

A

Rotation may be caused by overall spinal rotation or by upper cervical rotation

23
Q

What happens to the head when there is a posterior rotated atlas?

A
  • it causes the head to be raised on that side
  • due to the shape of the superior articular facets
  • which results in a higher mastoid on that side
24
Q

What does scarring indicate in terms of healing process?

A

if nerve damage has occurred, healing may be haphazard.

25
Q

What is petechiae?

A

Broken blood vessels which indicate a possible problme area.

26
Q

What are varicosities?

A
  • Chronic vasuclar changes

- most common in ksympathetic region (esp. VP to L5)

27
Q

Where are potential area for decreased hair?

A

Over a subluxated area

28
Q

What causes brown or white patches along the spine?

A
  • chronic neurological changes in the sympathetic areas

- they occur on left or right sie because they are neuroloically specific

29
Q

Where are potential areas for increased hair growth?

A
  • over the sacrum

- over abnormalities, like spina bifida

30
Q

4 examples of skin condition that can cause unilateral localized temperature change (aka heat swing)?

A
  • burns
  • contusions
  • sweating reflex
  • inflammatory skin lesion
31
Q

How does skin color change in a parasympathetic dermatomal area?

A
  • (occ-C5 & below L5)
  • discoloration
  • small red spot in the area
32
Q

What does skin look like in an acute condition?

A

There is redness due to:

  • Rubbing
  • Increased vascularization
  • Swollen irritated tissues
  • Cutaneous radiation
33
Q

What usually accompanies varicosities in the VP region?

A

Dowager’s hump

34
Q

What do blemishes indicate?

A

Possible problem area

35
Q

What are the 7 SKIN CHANGES to look for when VISUALIZING

A
  • brown/white patches
  • blemishes
  • petechiae
  • skin color
  • scarring
  • varicosities
  • hair changes
36
Q

How do you determine if scoliosis is structural or non-structural?

A
  • use Adam’s test: have patient bend at the waist
  • note if scoliosis disappears or stays the same: if it disappears it is mild to moderate scoliosis (less than 25degrees): more functional than structural
37
Q

What muscle changes does rotary scoliosis have?

A

more prominent muscle bundle on the side of high TVP

Troxell Intern Notes (12 decks)

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