Visual perception

Question 1

Selection - visual

Answer 1

Performed by feature detectors (specialized cells along the neural path connecting to and found in the primary visual cortex)
The cells select and filter out visual signals according to perceptually important factors

Question 2

Organization - visual

Answer 2

Selected visual signals are regrouped and organized to reflect image of reality

Question 3

Interpretation - visual

Answer 3

Primary visual cortex works with other brain areas to interpretate and make sense of visual stimuli, can be influenced by motives & beliefs and perceptual set

Question 4

Photoreceptors, rods & cones (biological factor)

Answer 4

Photoreceptors are sensory receptors that receive light and convert sensory information into a form that can be sent to the brain

RODS
-Allow people to see in low levels of light

CONES
-Allows people to see color and fine details in well lit conditions

Question 5

Depth perception (biological factor)

Answer 5

Rely on ability to correctly process biological depth cues

Question 6

Accommodation (Monocular depth cues, biological factor)

Answer 6

-Bulging and flattening according to how far away a object is (close up = bulging, far away = flattening)
The brain takes the changes in our lens as reference for depth

Question 7

Motion parallax (Monocular depth cues, biological factor)

Answer 7

• Perception of movement
• less objects moving in our field of view = far away

Question 8

Pictorial depth cues (Monocular depth cues, biological factor)

Answer 8

-Relative size
-height in visual field
- linear perspective
- texture gradient
-inter position (cover-up)

Question 9

Convergence (Binocular depth cues, biological factor)

Answer 9

• Inward turning of the eyes
• brain detects muscle tension from eyes, visual cortex is activated to assist in the depth and distance (Closer = greater tension, far = less tension)

Question 10

Retinal display (Binocular depth cues, biological factor)

Answer 10

• Brain detecting similarities & differences between info being sent from each eye due to being 6 - 7cms apart (Greater difference = perceived as closer, less difference = perceived as far away

Question 11

Past experiences (Visual psychological factor)

Answer 11

• Physical, social, culture, background, etc. = past experiences
  -Inform our ideas and expectations, this how we process stimuli top-down
• Also shape what stimuli is saliant, affecting how we perceive stimuli from bottom-up

Question 12

Motivation (Visual psychological factor)

Answer 12

• Stimuli that align with our goals is perceived as more saliant
  -Saliant stimuli is directed by past experience

Question 13

Visual consistencies (Visual psychological factor)

Answer 13

• ability to perceive visual objects as the same size though they may appear to change
  (Shape consistency, size consistency, brightness consistency)

Question 14

Context (Visual psychological factor)

Answer 14

• Situations or conditions in which something occurs
  -Ambiguous figure study shows that context sets up expectations for certain stimuli

Question 15

Culture (visual social factor)

Answer 15

Main characteristics (attitude, behavior, customs, and values) that are carried through generation
- Rabbit or duck study showed that if an individual grew up in an English speaking country they are more likely to see a rabbit first, people who grew up in countries that read right to left are more likely to see a duck first (this is because their eyes are used to moving in this direction)