Visual loss Flashcards
Which arteries supply the eye?
Central retinal artery
Posterior ciliary artery
Where does the central retinal get its supply from?
Ophthalmic artery
Where does the ophthalmic artery come from?
Internal carotid artery
What does the posterior ciliary artery supply?
Photoreceptors and pigment layer
Which is more common:
Central retinal artery occlusion
Central retinal vein occlusion
Vein
How does a vessel occlusion present?
Sudden loss of total vision
Painless
What is the treatment for a vessel occlusion?
If within 3 hours then can possibly make it a branch occlusion
If not then nothing
What does a CRAO look like on fundoscopy?
Pale oedematous retina
thread like vessels
What should be done in a vessel occlusion?
ECG
Look for AF.
Consider risk factors for stroke
What is amaurosis fugax?
Transient painless visual loss for 5 minutes.
Like a curtain coming down.
How is amaurosis fugax managed?
Referral to TIA clinic.
Aspirin
What does a CRVO look like on fundoscopy?
Retinal haemorrhages
Dilated tortuous veins
Disc swelling
What is ischaemic optic neuropathy?
Posterior ciliary arteries occluded- infarction of optic nerve head
With what condition is ischaemic optic neuropathy associated?
GCA
What symptoms does ION present with?
Sudden visual loss.
Counting fingers
Irreversible blindness
How is unilateral ION prevented from becoming bilateral?
High dose oral steroid
If haemorrhages occur from abnormal vessels what conditions is this associated with?
Diabetic retinopathy
Retinal vein occlusion
How are abnormal vessels prevented?
Anti-VGEF
If bleeding occurs from normal vessels, what is the cause?
Retinal tear
What are the symptoms and signs of a vitreous haemorrhage?
Loss of vision
Floaters
Loss of red reflex
HMG seen on fundoscopy
What are flashes and floaters associated with?
Retinal detachment
How is retinal detachment managed?
Surgical
If there is a retinal detachment superiorly, where is the visual loss?
Inferiorly
What is the difference in wet and dry age related macular degeneration?
Wet is sudden and due to haemorrhage
Dry is very gradual
What are the signs of wet ARMD?
Rapid central visual loss
Distortion (metamorphopsia)
How is wet ARMD managed?
Anti-VGEF
Steroids
What is a scotoma?
Parts of vision missing
What is drusen?
Build up of waste products around optic disc making it bumpy and yellow
What is the treatment for dry ARMD?
No treatment.
Support with reading
Why is a closed angle glaucoma an emergency?
Will raise IOP and cause blindness
What are some causes of cataracts?
Age
Diabetes
Steroids
Congenital
