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Ophthamology > Visual loss > Flashcards

Visual loss Flashcards

1
Q

Which arteries supply the eye?

A

Central retinal artery

Posterior ciliary artery

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2
Q

Where does the central retinal get its supply from?

A

Ophthalmic artery

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3
Q

Where does the ophthalmic artery come from?

A

Internal carotid artery

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4
Q

What does the posterior ciliary artery supply?

A

Photoreceptors and pigment layer

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5
Q

Which is more common:
Central retinal artery occlusion
Central retinal vein occlusion

A

Vein

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6
Q

How does a vessel occlusion present?

A

Sudden loss of total vision

Painless

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7
Q

What is the treatment for a vessel occlusion?

A

If within 3 hours then can possibly make it a branch occlusion
If not then nothing

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8
Q

What does a CRAO look like on fundoscopy?

A

Pale oedematous retina

thread like vessels

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9
Q

What should be done in a vessel occlusion?

A

ECG
Look for AF.
Consider risk factors for stroke

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10
Q

What is amaurosis fugax?

A

Transient painless visual loss for 5 minutes.

Like a curtain coming down.

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11
Q

How is amaurosis fugax managed?

A

Referral to TIA clinic.

Aspirin

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12
Q

What does a CRVO look like on fundoscopy?

A

Retinal haemorrhages
Dilated tortuous veins
Disc swelling

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13
Q

What is ischaemic optic neuropathy?

A

Posterior ciliary arteries occluded- infarction of optic nerve head

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14
Q

With what condition is ischaemic optic neuropathy associated?

A

GCA

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15
Q

What symptoms does ION present with?

A

Sudden visual loss.
Counting fingers
Irreversible blindness

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16
Q

How is unilateral ION prevented from becoming bilateral?

A

High dose oral steroid

17
Q

If haemorrhages occur from abnormal vessels what conditions is this associated with?

A

Diabetic retinopathy

Retinal vein occlusion

18
Q

How are abnormal vessels prevented?

A

Anti-VGEF

19
Q

If bleeding occurs from normal vessels, what is the cause?

A

Retinal tear

20
Q

What are the symptoms and signs of a vitreous haemorrhage?

A

Loss of vision
Floaters
Loss of red reflex
HMG seen on fundoscopy

21
Q

What are flashes and floaters associated with?

A

Retinal detachment

22
Q

How is retinal detachment managed?

A

Surgical

23
Q

If there is a retinal detachment superiorly, where is the visual loss?

A

Inferiorly

24
Q

What is the difference in wet and dry age related macular degeneration?

A

Wet is sudden and due to haemorrhage

Dry is very gradual

25
Q

What are the signs of wet ARMD?

A

Rapid central visual loss

Distortion (metamorphopsia)

26
Q

How is wet ARMD managed?

A

Anti-VGEF

Steroids

27
Q

What is a scotoma?

A

Parts of vision missing

28
Q

What is drusen?

A

Build up of waste products around optic disc making it bumpy and yellow

29
Q

What is the treatment for dry ARMD?

A

No treatment.

Support with reading

30
Q

Why is a closed angle glaucoma an emergency?

A

Will raise IOP and cause blindness

31
Q

What are some causes of cataracts?

A

Age
Diabetes
Steroids
Congenital

Ophthamology (8 decks)

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