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Ophthamology > Eye neurology > Flashcards

Eye neurology Flashcards

1
Q

Which part of the brain is the visual cortex in?

A

Occipital lobe

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2
Q

Describe the pathway of the visual field

A 
Globes
Optic nerves
Optic chiasm
Optic tract
Lateral geniculate 
Cortex
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3
Q

What muscle does CN VI supply?

A

Lateral rectus

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4
Q

How is lateral rectus tested?

A

Try to look laterally. Eye will pull medial if LR injured

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5
Q

What causes a CN VI palsy?

A

Microvascular
Raised ICP
Tumour

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6
Q

What is commonly associated with CN VI palsy?

A

Bilateral papilloedema

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7
Q

What muscle does CN IV supply?

A

Superior oblique

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8
Q

How is a CN IV palsy tested?

A

Eye will look superior since SO causes depression when adducted

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9
Q

Why is there a head tilt present in CN IV palsy?

A

SO also causes some intorsion so the head has to make up for this

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10
Q

What can also cause bilateral CN IV palsy?

A

Blunt head trauma since CN IV is at the back of the head so any trauma may cause stretching

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11
Q

How many muscles does CN III supply in the eye region?

A

6

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12
Q

What is the common presentation for a CN III palsy?

A

Down and out

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13
Q

Why is a CN III palsy an emergency?

A

If painful then likely an aneurysm

Also affects levator palpebrae superioris so affects the eyelid

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14
Q

What is strabismus?

A

Squint

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15
Q

What is inter-nuclear ophthalmoplegia?

A

The affected eye will not adduct

Unaffected eye will show nystagmus

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16
Q

Where is the injury in inter-nuclear ophthalmoplegia?

A

Medial Longitudinal Fasiculus, where CN III, IV and VI meet

17
Q

What is the most common cause of INO?

A

Multiple Sclerosis

18
Q

What other, apart from INO, condition is found commonly in MS?

A

Optic neuritis

19
Q

What is ION?

A

ischaemic optic neuropathy

20
Q

What signs will an optic neuritis present with?

A

Progressive unilateral visual loss
Colour desaturation
Central scotoma
Pain on moving eye

21
Q

How is optic neuritis treated?

A

Steroids

22
Q

What pathology which affects the optic chiasm can cause visual loss?

A

Pituitary tumours

23
Q

If a pathology causes loss of sight of one side of the eye bilaterally, where is the pathology?

A

Lateral geniculate bodies
or
in occipital cortex

Ophthamology (8 decks)

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