Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Ophthamology > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of drugs do the corneal epithelium like?

A

Lipophilic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What kind of drugs do the corneal stroma like?

A

Hydrophilic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which drug has both a lipophilic and hydrophilic component

A

Chloramphenicol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How can a drug be made more lipophilic?

A

Addition of an alcohol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How can drugs be made more hydrophillic?

A

Addition of a phosphate group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which steroid is given for an uninflamed cornea?

A

Prednisolone acetate

Acetate group - hydrophobic so good in the epithelium.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which steroid is given for corneal disease?

A

Prednisolone phosphate.

Phosphate- hydrophillic so good in the stroma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How can hydrophilic drugs be better absorbed into the stroma?

A

Benzalkonium.

It disrupts the lipid layer of the tear film

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the name of the benzalkonium?

A

Bimatoprost

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How are topical steroids incorporated systemically?

A

Tears spread the topical drug into the punctum which leads to the nasopharynx so is swallowed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How can steroids be prevented from spreading systemically?

A

Pressing on punctum (nasal side) stops the drops getting to the nasopharynx.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What side effect may be present with topical steroids?

A

Bad taste in mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

When are steroids given intravitreally?

A

Wet macular degeneration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

When are topical steroids used? (3)

A

Post op cataracts to prevent inflammation
Uveitis
Preventing corneal graft rejection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the signs of uveitis?

A

Injecting vessels
Photophobia
Misshapen pupil
WBC on slit lamp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What signs are bad in a corneal graft?

A

New blood vessels.

Graft rejection line - darker infiltrate inferiorly

17
Q

What are the local side effects of steroids?

A

Cataracts
Glaucoma
Exacerbation of viral infection

18
Q

In what infective ocular process should steroids not be used?

A

Viral conjunctivitis

19
Q

What systemic side effects can steroids cause?

A

Osteoporosis
Weight gain
Diabetes
Gastric ulceration

20
Q

What dosage of steroids should be given for temporal arteritis?

A

80mg

high!

21
Q

What is glaucoma?

A

Progressive optic neuropathy resulting in loss of peripheral vision

22
Q

What are the risk factors for getting glaucoma?

A

Family history
Over 40
Steroids
Diabetes

23
Q

What is thought to cause glaucoma?

A

A raised intracranial pressure

24
Q

What investigation needs to be done in glaucoma?

A

Visual field test.

If double sided then driving is not allowed.

25
Q

Which glaucoma treatment can be given by drops?

A

Pilocarpine - miotic
Latanoprost
Timolol - B blocker

26
Q

What is acetazolamide?

A

reduces ICP by reducing production of aqueous humour. Given IV/IM.

27
Q

What is important to note with latanoprost?

A

Can change the colour of the iris

28
Q

Which drug is given first in glaucoma?

A

Prostanoids e.g. latanoprost

29
Q

What is anti-VEGF given for?

A

To prevent new blood vessels from forming

30
Q

When are drugs given intra-vitreally?

A

Endophthalmitis

31
Q

Why can local anaesthetic not be used regularly?

A

Stops epithelium from regenerating so prevents healing

32
Q

How and why is fluorescein used?

A

With a blue light.

Shows corneal abrasion

33
Q

What is tonometry?

A

Measures pressure

34
Q

How can fluorescein be used to diagnose nasolacrimal duct obstruction?

A

Will run out of lateral sides of eye instead of into the puncture.

35
Q

How do mydriatics work?

A

Cause pupil dilation by blocking parasympathetic (CN III) supply to ciliary muscles

36
Q

What damage can ethambutol cause to the eye?

A

Optic neuropathy

37
Q

What drug can cause maculopathy?

A

Chloroquine.

Hydroxychloroquine now used.

38
Q

What drug can cause tears to turn red?

A

Rifampacin

39
Q

What does amiodarone cause in the eye?

A

Corneal verticullata

Looks like a whirl of spindle like cream lines in the pupil

Ophthamology (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions