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My Own Deck > Visual Impairment 7- Dementia > Flashcards

Visual Impairment 7- Dementia Flashcards

1
Q

What does dementia effect?

A 
Memory 
Thinking 
Congniton 
Orientation 
Learning 
Language 
Judgement
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2
Q

What are the risk factors for dementia?

A 
AGE!
Depression
Isolation 
Low education attainment 
Air pollution  
Cognitive activity
Down syndrome
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3
Q

How can we reduce or prevent the risk of dementia?

A 
Keep active 
Cognitive activities 
No smoking 
Harmful alcohol use 
Control weight 
Eat healthy diet 
Healthy BP, cholesterol and blood sugar
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4
Q

What can dementia give rise to?

A 
Alzheimaer disease 
Vascular dementia 
Mixed dementia
Lewy bodies 
Picks disease (rare form)
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5
Q

What biological changes would occur in dementia?

A

Brain changes- protein plaques, thickened meninges
Tau proteins- occur naturally, protein altered, microtubules destroyed
Lewy bodies- abnormal aggregation of protein

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6
Q

Why are down syndrome patients more susceptible to early alzhaeimers disease?

A

Extra copy of chrom 21

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7
Q

What causes alzhaeimers?

A

Brain cell due to neurofibrilly tangles and senile plaques

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8
Q

Where in the brain does alzheimers effects the patient?

A

Occipital and parietal lobe

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9
Q

What is the onset of alzheimers?

A

Mid 50s to early 60s

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10
Q

What difficulties can people with AD face?

A

Faces and objects

Numeracy and literacy

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11
Q

What are AD risk factors?

A

Age
Gender- F>M (2x)
Health- DM, HT, Stroke, CV probs, high cholesterol, obesity

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12
Q

What are the AD sxs?

A

Memory loss
Language problems
Confusion
Personality changes

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13
Q

What leads to vascular dementia AKA Subcortical dementia?

A

Brain circulation changes

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14
Q

What can cause VD?

A

Stroke/TIA

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15
Q

What are the risk factors of VD?

A

Age >65yrs (2x)
M>F
Health- DM, HT, prev. troke, CVD, high cholesterol, obesity
Ethnicity- SE asians and afro caribbeans

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16
Q

What sxs are u likely to encounter with VD?

A 
Memory probs
Language probs
Visuospatial- 3D concept 
Concentration /confusion 
Depression
17
Q

What is the 4th most common form of dementia?

A

Lewy bodies

18
Q

What are LB associated with

A

Parkinsons disease

19
Q

What are LB a result of?

A

Loss of connection b/w nerve cells

20
Q

What are the 2 positions of lewy bodies?

A

Base of brain- movement difficulties

Outer brain layers- cognitive function

21
Q

What are the risk factors of LB?

A

Age
>65yrs common
M=F

22
Q

What are the main sxs of LB?

A

Attention and alertness

Hallucination and delusions

23
Q

What is mixed dementia?

A

A combo of AD and VD

Common >75yrs

24
Q

WhR cause picks disease AKA Fronto temp dementia?

A

Lobes shrink (less common)

25
Q

What 2 areas of the brain are effected with picks disease and what are their functions?

A

Frontal lobe- behavior/emotional control

Temporal lobe- Left= words meaning/obj names, Right= facial recognition

26
Q

Once dx eith dementia, what meds licensed in the UK are possibly taken? (Mild to mod and mod to severe)

A

Mild to mod:
Donepezil
Galantamine
Rivastigmine

Mod to severe
Memantine

27
Q

What visual changes maybe presented?

A 
CV Loss
Reduced VA
Reduced CS
Reduced Stereoacuity 
Reduced motion detection
Visual hallucinations
28
Q

In severe cases of dementia, how is VA assessed?

A

Teller acuity grating

29
Q

What test may indicate the strongest and weakest associations to severity of dementia?

A

Strongest associaton= Stereoacuity and motion detection

Weakest association= colour vision test

30
Q

Which form of dementia effects 3D vision more?

A

Vascular dementia

31
Q

Which form of dementia is it likely to experience hallucinations?

A

Lewy bodies

32
Q

What can optometrists do to help those c dementia?

A

Advise on spec use, lighting, contrast

33
Q

What 3 things that are included in the college guidelines about dementia and optometrists?

A

Prescribing
Supply and after care
Regerall and support

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