Uveaitis Flashcards
What is the Blood Aqueous barrier made of?
- Ciliary body Non pigment epithelial cells
- Iris blood vessel Endothelial cells
- Trabecular Meshwork Blood vessels
- Canal of Schlem endothelial cells
What does the Vascular uveal tract comprise of?
Iris, ciliary body and choroid
What is the function of the Vascular uveal tract?
a. Regulating power of the eye
b. Accommodation
c. Pupil size- controlling retinal illumination
d. Pigment absorption cells (reduce internal reflection and harmful UV radiation)
What creates an autoimmune disease?
A chronic or recurrent uncontrolled immune response or a pathological immune response
What 2 structures of the eye cannot regenerate if damaged?
Neurosensory layers
Retinal Ganglion cells
What are cytokines?
Proteins which signals other leukocytes that amplify or suppress immune response
What do anti inflammatory cytokines do?
Create an immunosuppressive environment
Is immunosuppressive environment present in Uveitis?
No. This environment prevents the intraocular inflammation which is the hallmark of uveitis
When does uveitis arise?
When the balance between inflammatory and anti inflammatory cytokines shifts towards inflammatory cytokines
What are self antigens?
Substances that healthy immune system learns to ignore as the hosts own body produces these
How can self antigens cause an inflammatory response?
If they are not recognised by the immune system, this would then be identified as a pathogenic antigen leading to reproduction of antibodies and hence an inflammatory response.
What are the causes of uveitis?
- High choroid blood flow (a systemic association)
- Infectious agents in the vascular system (Ample exposure to the uvea)
- Presumed Autoimmune Origin
- Idiopathic by 50%
Definition of uveitis?
Inflammation of the uvea tract (retina, optic nerve, iris, sclera)
Intraocular inflammation compromises the blood ocular barrier.
What is the prevelance of uveitis?
Worldwide= 10%
Developed countries= 10-20%
Anterior more common
Age onset 20-60 year olds
Anterior uveitis signs?
- Conjunctival hypereamia
- Episcleral/scleral vessels dilation
- Ciliary Flush (bulbar Limbal region)
- Keratitic precipitates
- A/C cells or flare
- Hypopyon
- Posterior synachiae- iris bombe
- Anterior synachiae
- Complications- Cataract and SACG
Anterior Uveitis sxs?
- SUDDEN/ACUTE
- Redness (Sclera/conj/episcleral
- Pain
- Photophobia
- Lacrimation
- Blurred vision
What is flare a result of?
Protein leaking from blood vessels during active inflammation
Where are the cells and flare located?
Anterior chamber
What is hypopyon associated with aside from uveitis?
Endophthalmitis
If a posterior synachiae was present, what assessment would be required?
Gonioscopy
Where are KPs found?
Corneal endothelium