Visual Impairment 1- Introduction

Question 1

What is the definition of ‘Disorder’?

Answer 1

Condition or impact on anatomy structures

Question 2

What is the term used to describe a px who is unable or has reduced ability to perform tasks?

Answer 2

Disability

Question 3

What are examples of being handicapped?

Answer 3

Travelling
Social gatherings
Night driving

Question 4

What tests would indicate if a px has an impairment?

Answer 4

Reduced VA
Color vision tests
Contrast sensitivity tests
Amsler grid (scotomas)

Question 5

What is the current term to use for blind and partially blind

Answer 5

Blind- Severely Sight Impaired

Partially blind- Sight Impaired

Question 6

Who is considered to be visually impaired?

Answer 6

Px c reduced vision even with best optical correction.

Visual performance on clinical tests are less than expected for pxs age

Question 7

What is the criteria for SSI?

Answer 7

Group 1- <3/60 VA
Group 2- >3/60- 6/60 VA + VF contraction
Group 3- >6/60 VA + significant VF contraction (bitemp hemi + reduced inf field)

Question 8

What is the criteria for SI?

Answer 8

Group 1- 3/60- 6/60 c Full fields
Group 2- 6/60- 6/24 VA + Mod VF contraction (sup path loss/ media opacity +aphakia)
Group 3- > 6/18 with marked VF defect (Homo hemianopia)

Question 9

What are the 3 different routes in becoming certified/registered?

Answer 9

1. CVI Certicate of visual impairment
2. RVI Referral of vision impairment
3. LVL Low vision leaflet

Question 10

What details would be needed to certify a px?

Answer 10

1. Disorder
2. VA
3. Fields
4. Any difficulties

Question 11

Who are the CVI copies given too?

Answer 11

1. Px
2. Local authority
3. Pxs GP
4. Hospital records
5. Epidemiology

Question 12

Which of the 3 lets the local authority know to assess the px?

Answer 12

RVI

Question 13

Which HES staff members can refer the px to social services?

Answer 13

Hospital optometrists
Orthotist
Nursing staff
ECLO

Question 14

Who are given RVI copies?

Answer 14

1. Px
2. Px GP
3. Hospital records
4. Social services

Question 15

What is included in an RVI?

Answer 15

1. Assoc conditions
2. Daily life problems
3. Urgency in referral

Question 16

What does the National Assistance Act 1948 cover?

Answer 16

1. Keep register
2. Providing social work service/advice/ support
3. Available facilities
4. Providing facilities

Question 17

What does the Care Act 2014 state?

Answer 17

Contact in 2 weeks if issued CVI
Rehab based on needs
Minor aids and adaption
£1000 FOC for px

Question 18

Which countries are affected by visual impairment caused by cataracts?

Answer 18

South America/ Africa/ South asia ~50%

Question 19

What are the 4 main causes of World wide visual impairment?

Answer 19

Cataracts
AMD
Glaucoma
Trachoma

Question 20

Which countries are most effected by AMD causing visual impairment?

Answer 20

America/ Europe/ Australia 50%

Question 21

Which condition globally causes visual impairment?

Answer 21

Glaucoma 9-18%

Question 22

Where are the low vision services based in?

Answer 22

HES department
Can be in community:
- Welsh LV services 
- Local enhanced service 
- University eye clinic 
- Charities

Question 23

What is the role of an optometrist in LV?

Answer 23

Detecting causes earlier
The use of LVL
Prescribing a LVA

Question 24

There are multi disciplinary approaches to pxs with visual impairment. Who would be appropriate approach regarding VI pxs?

Answer 24

Local auth sensory needs team
ECLO
Optom/DO c LV diploma 
Mobility instructor 
Rehab officer
Consultant ophthalmologist 
Social worker 
Teacher