Visual Attention Flashcards
what visual attention theories are there
Awh and Pashler (2000) multiple/dual spotlight theory
Treisman & gelade (1980) feature integration theory
describe rock and gutman (1981) into early selection processing
ss attend to red or green shape
suprise recognition task - 5 prev attended, 5 unattended and 5 new
found sig greater recognition of attended shapes
-but memory decay may influence
describe tipper (1985) rock and gutman variation, on negative priming
focus on colour and name of object
reaction test -
slower response to name objects they previously had to ignore - late selection?
- have to selectively change attention from previous
how might distractors influence attention
styles 2006
late selection - distractors impact because processed despite intention not to
early selection - exceptional failures of attention
what is auditory memory known as
echoic
what is visual memory known as
iconic
how do we percieve a visual scene
resink 2000
take snapshots - build up to create an ‘intelligent illusion’
rapid construction as visual memory is short
forget details between shots
define spotlight vision
narrow focus of attention
cover large area then use ‘zoom lens’ - increase/decrease focus
describe Awh and Pashler (2000) theory
multiple spotlight theory
accounts for split attention ie target between distractions
ss given cues - if valid, cues indicate where target is
- if invalid, cues misinform and target between the two
–slower response to find target when cue invalid
theory says that attention can be split between two things but in between that there is no attention
describe treismans and gelade (1980) theory
feature integration theory - echo broadbent filter theory
- parallel processing, extracting diff features of visual stimuli
- serial focused attention, reuiring integraion of all features
how does parallel search target explain feature integration theory
when one feature changes in an otherwise constant - easy to detect as pops out ie change colour of one green t to pink t
BUT
when mixed, performance slows as have to pay more attention to identify the target ie green s in mix of green ts and blue s’s
study supporting dual spotlight theory
mcmains and somers (2004)
fMRI show enhanced activation in striate and extrastriate visual cortical representations of the two attended stimuli and no enhancement at the intervening representation of distractor stimuli - spacial attention can be select and multiple
influence of sleep and alcohol on attention
williamson and freyer (2000)
sig fall in targets detected and significant rise in false alarms when either had 0.1% alcohol in system or were awake for 22hours
0.8% legal limit
highlights importance to attention in real life - cause missing hazzards etc during driving
define the stroop test
reading words is automated/dominant
reading colour of word and not the word itself is more difficult as must supress automatic response
requires focus
how does automation affect attention in tasks
when tasks become automated, they become easier and less attention is used
ie driving and talking
yet, when made challenging, ie fog, attention is gained as required
