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ZOOL 342 > Vision Retina 2 > Flashcards

Vision Retina 2 Flashcards

1
Q

major difference between rods vs cones? (what type of vision?)

A
  • rods: scotopic vision (dim light)
  • cones: photopic vision (bright light) + colour
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2
Q

scotopic vision vs photopic vision

A
  • scotopic vision = dim light
  • photopic vision = bright light
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3
Q

TRUE or FALSE: only rods are found at the fovea and lots of cones are in the periphery

A

FALSE: only cones are found at the fovea and lots of rods are in the perpiphery

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4
Q

TRUE or FALSE: there are no photoreceptors in the blindspot

A

TRUE

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5
Q

TRUE or FALSE: there is more convergence from rods than from cones

A

TRUE

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6
Q

what is the average convergence for rods and cones?

A

rods = 120:1
cones = 6:1

(ganglion cell:photoreceptor)

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7
Q

What is convergence for rods and cones?

A

ratio of ganglion cells synapsing on photoreceptors (Ganglion cell:photoreceptors)

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8
Q

How many types of cones are found in placental mammals? what are the types? what are the wavelengths?

A
  • 3 cones
  • S cone = blue cone (420 nm)
  • M cone = green cone (534 nm)
  • L cone = red cone (564 nm)

hint: BS-GM-LR….small-medium-large

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9
Q

Which cone is the most sensitive? How much more sensitive is it?

A

L-cone (3x more sensitive than the others)

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10
Q

TRUE or FALSE: there are more S cones than other types of cones

A

FALSE: there are more L cones

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11
Q

protanopia vs deuteranopia vs tritanopia (which cone are you missin? which colours do you see/ where is the neutral point?)

A
  • protanopia: missing L-cone; see blue and yellow; blind to red and green; low neutral point
  • deuteranopia: missing M-cone; see blue and yellow; red and green; low neutral point
  • tritanopia: missing S-cone; see blue and red; high neutral point
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12
Q

Which type of colour blindness is the most rare?

A

tritanopia

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13
Q

What is s-cone monochromacy?

A

missing M-cone and L-cone

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14
Q

What is rod monochromacy?

A

missing all cones

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15
Q

TRUE or FALSE: true colour blindness is tritanopia

A

FALSE: true colour blindness is rod monochromacy

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16
Q

Which cone are both M cone and L cone variants of?

A

LWS cone

17
Q

TRUE or FALSE: the distribution of photoreceptors in the retina is random

A

FALSE: there is patterned spacing

18
Q

TRUE or FALSE: APs start at the bipolar cells

A

FALSE: no APs until the RGCs (retinal ganglion cells)

19
Q

which NT do photoreceptors release? bipolar cells? horizontal cells? amacrine cells? are these NTs excitatory or inhibitory?

A
  • photoreceptors: glutamate (+/-)
  • bipolar cells: glutamate (+)
  • horizontal cells: GABA (-)
  • amacrine cells: glycine (-)

note: D-bipolar cells are depolarizing; H-bipolar cells are hyperpolarizing

20
Q

With which cells do horizontal cells have electrical synapses?

A
  • other horizontal cells
  • bipolar cells
21
Q

Which which cells do amacrine cells have electrical synapses?

A

bipolar cells

22
Q

TRUE or FALSE: ON retinal ganglion cells are excited in the light.

A

TRUE

23
Q

Draw the synapses of an ON retinal ganglion cell in the dark vs in the light.

A

slide 15

24
Q

TRUE or FALSE: Glutamate is inhibitory in ON cells and excitatory in OFF cells.

A

TRUE

25
Q

Why is glutamate inhibitory in ON cells and excitatory in OFF cells?

A
  • ON cells: Glu inhibitory because act on mGlur6 receptors
  • OFF cells: Glu excitatory because act on AMPA/Kainate receptors
26
Q

Draw the synapses of ON and OFF RGCs in the dark vs light.

A

slide 15-16

27
Q

True or FALSE: OFF ganglion cells have a higher firing rate in the light

A

FALSE: in the dark

28
Q

Which kind of receptor is find on H-bipolar cells? What type of RGC do they synapse on?

A
  • ionotropic AMPA/kainate receptors
  • synapse on OFF RGCs
29
Q

Which kind of receptor is found on D-bipolar cells? What type of RGC do they synapse on?

A
  • mGlur6 receptors
  • synapse on ON RGCs
30
Q

What kind of receptive fields do RGCs have?

A

center-surround cell

31
Q

In which organism was lateral inhibition of the ON and OFF cells first shown?

A

horseshoe crab

32
Q

Which cell mainly mediates surround inhibition or excitation?

A

horizontal cells (lateral inhibition)

33
Q

Which cell is found in the ON center?

A

bipolar cells

34
Q

Which cell is found in the OFF surround?

A

horizontal cells

35
Q

TRUE or FALSE: light in the surround depolarizes an ON center bipolar cell and excites an on-centere ganglion cell

A

FALSE: hyperpolarizes

36
Q

continue slide 20

A

ZOOL 342 (21 decks)

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