vision

Question 1

hue

Answer 1

dimension of color determined by wavelength of light

Question 2

intensity

Answer 2

amount of energy in wave determined by amplitude. brightness and loudness

Question 3

physical properties of waves

Answer 3

high frequency- high energy, blue
low frequency- low energy, red
great amplitude- intense
small amplitude- dull or soft

Question 4

pupil

Answer 4

adjustable opening in the centre of the eye, lets light in, there is an optimal level of light for eyesight

Question 5

iris

Answer 5

a ring of muscle that forms the coloured portion of the eye around the pupil ad controls the size of the pupil opening

Question 6

lens

Answer 6

transparent structure behind pupil that changes shape to focus images on the retina, lets us zoom in and out

Question 7

why put light in peoples eyes that are knocked out?

Answer 7

to see if the eyes dilates and assess brain function

Question 8

psychoactive drugs independently effect the function of the pupil

Answer 8

shows even the physical aspects of the eye have a neurological under view

Question 9

fovea

Answer 9

where the vision is the sharpest, that is where you want the light to be protected. central point in the retina, around which the eye’s cones cluster

Question 10

accommodation

Answer 10

the process by which the eye’s lens changes shape to help focus near or far objects on the retina

Question 11

rentia

Answer 11

the light sensitive inner surface of the eye, containing receptor rods and cones plus layers of neurons that begins the processing of visual information

Question 12

rods

Answer 12

peripheral retina, detect black, what and gray, due to working in dark environments, twilight low light

Question 13

cones

Answer 13

near centre of retina, fine detail and color vision, able to see all sales of color. cable yo see all shapes of colour. daylight or well-lit conditions

Question 14

optic nerve

Answer 14

nerve that carries neural impulses from the eye to the brain

Question 15

blind spot

Answer 15

point at which the optic nerve leaves the eye, creating a “blind spot” because there are no receptor cells located there

Question 16

do we have more cones or rods

Answer 16

Rods (120 mill) cones (6 mill)

Question 17

eye movement

Answer 17

saccades, these bits of information are then integrated. stabilize retinal image. visual system response to change

Question 18

Saccades

Answer 18

quick eye movements, there is an optimal swiping from left to right; individuals that have debts in reading have abnormal saccades

Question 19

the conversion of light to neural signals

Answer 19

transduction. visual transduction, pigments absorbs light, absorption spectrum determines spectral sensitivity

Question 20

transduction

Answer 20

conversation of one form of energy to another

Question 21

visual transduction

Answer 21

light energy to neural signals by visual receptors

Question 22

rhodopsin

Answer 22

the pigment found in rods. a G protein-linked receptor that responds to light.

Question 23

rhodopsin in the dark

Answer 23

cyclic GMP keeps Na+ channels open causing the constant release of glutamate

Question 24

rhodopsin when light strikes

Answer 24

cyclic GMO deactivated, Na+ channels close. rods hyper polarize in response to light. activity in inhibited by the light. sensation when someone turns on the lights and it hurts

Question 25

what is the pathway of optic nerves

Answer 25

optic nerves partially cross over.

Question 26

lateral inhibition and contrast enhancement

Answer 26

visual system detects change. mach bands. a consequence of lateral inhibition. evolutionarily, judging portion, judging distance

Question 27

mach bands

Answer 27

nonexistent stripes that visual systems creates to enhance the contrast and make edges easier to see- an examine of contrast enhancement

Question 28

simple receptive fields in striate cortex

Answer 28

rectangular "on" and "off" regions, like cells in layer IV orientation and location sensitive all are monocular

Question 29

complex receptive fields in striate cortex

Answer 29

``` rectangular larger receptive fields do not have static "on" and "off" regions not location sensitive motion sensitive many are binocular ```

Question 30

columnar organization of V1

Answer 30

cells with simpler receptive fields send information on to cells with more complex receptive fields. functional vertical columns exist such that all cells in a column have the same receptive file and ocular dominance. ocular dominate columns. retintopic organization is maintained

Question 31

ocular dominance columns

Answer 31

as you move horizontally, the dominate of the columns changes

Question 32

seeing colour 2 theories

Answer 32

trichromatic theory, opponent process theory

Question 33

trichromatic theory

Answer 33

component theory, proposed by Young, refined by Helmholtz, 3 types of receptors, each with a. different spectral sensitivity

Question 34

opponent-process theory

Answer 34

2 different classes of cells encoding color, and another class encoding brightness, each encodes two complementary color perceptions

Question 35

why is perception constant

Answer 35

relative wavelengths are constant

Question 36

color constancy

Answer 36

color perception is not altered by varying reflected wavelengths

Question 37

retinex theory

Answer 37

color is determined by the proportion of light of different wavelength that a surface reflects