Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

bio psych > perception > Flashcards

perception Flashcards

100%

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
GRE® Psychology flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Naming test

A

easy if you are neurologically normal
how fast can you think of the words
extremely sensitive to non-native speakers
dementia, epilepsy, aphasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

sensory areas of the cortex

A

primary
secondary
association
they are interrelated but they are operate identities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

primary sensory cortex

A

input mainly from thalamic relay nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

secondary sensory cortex

A

input mainly from primary and secondary cortex within the sensory system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

association sensory cortex

A

input from more than one sensory system, usually from secondary sensory cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

principles guiding the interactions of sensory cortex

A

hierarchical organization
functional segregation
parallel processing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

hierarchical organization

A

specificity and complexity increases with each level
sensation- detecting a stimulus, easiest and most straight forward, strongest signal
perception- understanding the stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

sensory system organization

A

multiple specialized areas, at multiple levels, interconnected by multiple parallel pathways
while there is no final integrator of information, there are pathways that allow higher areas to influence lower areas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

visual cortex

A

primary (V1)
- posterior occipital lobe
secondary
- prostrate cortex– a band of tissue surrounding V1
- inferotemporal cortex
tertiary
-varoisu areas, largest single area is posterior parietal cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

scotoma

A

an area of blindness resulting from damaged to visual cortex.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

cortical blindness

A

condition where the eyes are perfectly fine, happens somethings is severe brain injuries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

blindsight

A

the ability to respond to visual stimulus even with no conscious awareness of the stimulus (due to scotoma)
may be that some connection still exist in V1, allowing for reactions without awareness
may be that message gets. to the brain by connection that do not pass through the damaged area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

dorsal and ventral streams

A

dorsal stream
ventral stream
both streams

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

dorsal stream

A

where/control of behaviour
not just location but direction
V1 to dorsal prostrate cortex to posterior parietal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

ventral stream

A

what/conscious perception
V1 to ventral prostrate cortex to inferotemporal cortex
identifying object as meaningful
“can I eat this”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

both streams

A

where/what and behaviour/perception distinctions are supported by effects of damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

prosopagnosia

A

an agnosia for faces. they are also unable to recognize others septics-which chair, which cow. they would have a great deal of trouble on the naming test. a result of bilateral damage to the ventral “what”/conscious perception stream, thus unconscious recognition can be preserved.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

agnosia

A

failure to recognition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

visual agnosia

A

able to see, but unable to recognize as such. something in-between in disrupted. intact sensation, impaired perception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

attentional blindeness

A

eyes are god, information is processed but higher order expectations; make assumptions that van be wrong

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

fusiform face area

A

activity increased during face recognition but not recognition of other objects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

audition

A

the sense of hearing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

frequency

A

the number of complete wavelengths that pass a point in a given time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

pitch

A

a tones highness or lowness

depends on frequency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

middle ear

A

chamber between eardrum and cochlea containing three tiny bones, that concentrate the vibrations of the eardrum on the cinch leas oval window

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

three tiny bones in the middle ear

A

hammer, anvil, stirrup

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

inner ear

A

innermost part of the ear, containing the cochlea-transforming the sounds into a Neuro-signal, semicircular canals, vestibular sacs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

the corresponding structure to the retina is… (hearing equant to the retina)

A

the cochlea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Anatomy of the ear

A

tympanic membrane
ossicles
cochlea
oval window

30
Q

tympanic membrane

A

eardrum

31
Q

ossicles

A

bones in middle ear

  • malleus (hammer)
  • incus (anvil)
  • stapes (stirrup)
32
Q

cochlea

A

snail shaped structure which contains hair cells

33
Q

oval window

A

place on cochlea where the stapes presses

34
Q

cochlea sub anatomy

A

organ of cortisones- organ on the basilar membrane which contains hair cells.
hair cells
basilar membrane
tectorial membrane

35
Q

hair cells

A

receptive cell for learning

36
Q

basilar membrane

A

a membrane in the cochleae that contains the organ of corti

37
Q

tectorial membrane

A

above the basilar membrane, cilia of hair cells move again the tectorial membrane

38
Q

auditory transduction

A

hair cells- inner (inside the cochlear coil, outer.
when the bundle is straight there is a 10% chance of ion channels being open
as the bundle moves toward the cilia the ion channels allow more K+ and Ca+ to enter and depolarize the cell

39
Q

cochlear nerve

A

bipolar neuron whose cell body is located in the cochlear nerve ganglion

40
Q

what percent of hair cells or myelinated/unmyelinated

A

95%/5%

41
Q

central auditory pathway

A

cochlear nucleus> superior olivary complex> lateral lemniscus> inferior colliculus> medial geniculate nucleus> auditory cortex

42
Q

superior olivary complex

A

a group of nuclei in medulla, code for spatial location

43
Q

lateral lemniscus

A

a band of fibres that carry auditory information through the medulla and pons to the inferior colliculus

44
Q

medial geniculate nucleus

A

part of thalamus (projects to auditory cortex)

45
Q

auditory cortex

A

temporal lobe

tonotopic representation, topographical organization of frequencies

46
Q

perception of spatial location

A

phase difference, difference in arrival times of sound waves at each of the eat drums, detected by the medial superior olivary complex. intensity differences

47
Q

somatosensation

A

system is 3 separate interacting systems. Exteroreceptive
Proprioceptive
interoceptive

48
Q

exteroreceptive

A 
external stimuli- within the body. 
touch (mechanical stimuli) 
temperature (thermal stimuli) 
pain (nociceptive stimuli)
specialized receptors respond to the various stimuli
49
Q

proprioceptive

A

body portions of own own body

50
Q

interoceptive

A

body conditions

51
Q

Cutaneous receptors

A

we respond to change, no change no sensation. we habituate to stimulus very quickly. stereognosis, dermatome

52
Q

stereognosis

A

identifying objects by touch. TPT- tactual performance test, putting shapes in board.

53
Q

Dermatome

A

the area of the body innervated by the left and right dorsal roots of a given segment of spinal cord

54
Q

Primary somatosensory cortex (SI)

A

postcentral gyrus
somatotopic
more sensitive > more cortex
input largely contralateral

55
Q

asterognosia

A

inability to recognize objects by touch. pure cases are rare- other sensory deficits are usually present

56
Q

asomatognosia

A

the failure to recognize parts of one’s one body - the case of the man who fell out of bed

57
Q

pain

A

despite its unpleasantness, pain is adaptive and needed. no obvious cortical representation.

58
Q

descending pain control

A

pain can be suppressed by cognitive and emotional factors

59
Q

descending pain control circuit

A
  • electrical stimulation of the periaqueductal grey (PAG) has analgesic effects
  • PAG and other brain areas have opiate receptors
  • existence of endogenous opiates
60
Q

the chemical senses

A

olfaction
gustation
food acts on both systems to produce flavour
processed in the same basic process

61
Q

pheromones

A

chemicals that influence that behaviour o conspecifics

62
Q

olfaction

A

receptors embedded in the olfactory mucosa of the nine
thousands if olfactory receptor proteins
new receptors are created throughout life

63
Q

gustation

A

receptors in tongue and oral cavity in clusters of about 50 called taste buds. many tastes not created by combining primaries. salty and sour don’t have receptors they merry act on ion channels

64
Q

brain damage and the chemical sense

A

anosmia and ageusia

65
Q

anosmia

A

inability to smell
most common cause is a blow to the head the damages olfactory nerves
incomplete deficits seen with a variety of disorders

66
Q

ageusia

A

inability to taste

rare due to multiple pathways carrying taste information

67
Q

selective attention

A

improves perception of what is attended to and interferes with that which is not.

68
Q

change blindness

A

no memory of that which is not attended to

69
Q

cocktail phenomenon

A

indicates that there is processing of information not attended to

70
Q

simulatanagnosia

A

a difficulty attending to more than one visual object at a time. bilateral damage to the dorsal stream

bio psych (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions