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Neuro > Vision > Flashcards

Vision Flashcards

1
Q

T/F The sclera is continuous with the sheath of the optic nerve

A

True

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2
Q

What is the major refractor of light in the eye?

A

air:corneal tear film

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3
Q

The lens changes shape to change _______

A

The refractive power of the eye

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4
Q

What is the anterior chamber?

A

the space between the cornea and the iris; filed with aqueous humor

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5
Q

What is the posterior chamber?

A

area between the iris and the lens; filled with aqueous humor

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6
Q

What is aqueous humor?

A

Clear fluid that provides nourishment and immunocomponents to the avascular cornea and lens and maintain the inflated shape of the eye

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7
Q

what produces the aqueous humor?

A

The ciliary body

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8
Q

What are zonule fibers?

A

They suspended the lens from the cilary body

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9
Q

The normal eye is focused on distance or near vision?

A

Distance

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10
Q

What is accommodation?

A

The process by which we can alter the shape and therefore the refractive power of the lens to focus on a closer object

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11
Q

What does accommodation depend on?

A

Contraction of the ciliary muscles and the capacity of the lens to assume a more convex shape when tension on the zonule fibers is relieved

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12
Q

What muscle causes pupil constriction?

A

constrictor pupillae muscle (para)

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13
Q

What will you see when there is optic nerve damage?

A

The light will ONLY show consensual response, not response to direct light

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14
Q

What will you see when there is occulomotor damage?

A

One eye will show no response

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15
Q

What is mydriasis?

A

dilation of the pupil

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16
Q

What is the fovea’s function?

A

Visual acuity and visual affixiation

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17
Q

What are photoreceptors>

A

Cells that transduce light energy into neural signals

18
Q

Rod function?

A

night vision, high sensitivity vision, and peripheral vision

19
Q

Which are more common, Rods or cones?

A

Rods

20
Q

Which is more sensitive to light: Rods or Cones?

A

Rods

21
Q

What is absent in the fovea?

A

Rods

22
Q

Cone Function?

A

Daylight vision, color vision, and central vision

23
Q

Which has a one-to-one connection with bi-polar cells?

A

Cones

24
Q

What are the cones photopigments called?

A

cone opsins

25
Q

What are the retinal pigment epithelial cells?

A

a layer of melanin-containing cells on the scleral side of the retina

26
Q

what is the function of melanin?

A

Absorbs light not captured by the photoreceptors which prevents scatter of light that would degrade the visual image and helps cool the photoreceptors from the heat of absorbed light

27
Q

What is the neural path of light out of the eye?

A

Photoreceptors–> interneurons –> ganglion cells–> Brain

28
Q

What is a scotoma?

A

a pathological blind spot

29
Q

T/F the optic tract contain axons from both eyes

A

True

30
Q

When do axons become the optic tract?

A

after they have passed through the optic chiasm

31
Q

axons on the ____ side cross contralaterally

A

nasal

32
Q

The optic tracts synapse on the ____

A

lateral geniculate body of the thalamus

33
Q

The left LGB sees the _____ world

A

right

34
Q

What does the LGB sent its output to?

A

Primary visual cortex

35
Q

Where is the primary visual cortex

A

Area 17; occipital lobe

36
Q

What will a lesion of the optic chiasm cause?

A

bitemporal hemianopsia (loss of both sides of temporal vision)

37
Q

A lesion of the LGB will cause what?

A

homonymous hemianopsia (of contra side)

38
Q

A lesion in the fibers in route to the dorsal bank will cause what?

A

homonymous inferior quadrantanopia

39
Q

A lesion in the fibers in route to the ventral bank (Meyer’s loop) will cause what?

A

Homonymous superior quadrantanopia

40
Q

A lesion of the occipital lobe will result in what?

A

homonymous hemianopia with macular sparing

41
Q

What is the pupillary light reflex?

A

Ganglion cell axons–> pretectum–> Edinger-Westphal–> pupillary constrictor muscles

42
Q

input from each pretectal nuclei is from _______

A

one visual field (not one eye)

Neuro (15 decks)

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