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Neuro > Limbic System > Flashcards

Limbic System Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the olfactory epithelium?

A

superior conchae

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2
Q

Where does the olfactory tract go to?

A

The anterior perforated substance and the entorhinal cortex (they can also project to the amygdala and hypothalamus). They then project to the thalamus and ends up in orbitofrontal and insular cortex.

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3
Q

What is the function of the lateral descending projections

A

elicit specific behaviors

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4
Q

What is the function of the medial descending projections?

A

help support and modulate the behaviors

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5
Q

Describe the Papez Circuit

A

1) Neocortex (inputs)
2) cingulate cortex
3) Hippocampus
4) Hypothalamus (output)
5) anterior nuclei of the thalamus
6) back to the cingulate cortex

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6
Q

How was Papez circuit incorrect?

A

1) the hippocampus does NOT communicate with the hypothalamus
2) The amygdala is a key player in emotional expression
3) also left out the orbital and medial PFC

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7
Q

What is a lesion in the amygdala going to look like?

A

Cannot be conditioned to fear, but can acquire explicit knowledge

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8
Q

What will the result of a hippocampal lesion be?

A

Can develop a fear response, but can’t learn explicit knowledge

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9
Q

What will be the result of a lesion that affects both the amygdala and the hippocampus?

A

Neither fear condition or explicit knowledge were displayed

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10
Q

Which part of the cingulate cortex is involved with the limbic circuitry?

A

Anterior (and middle)

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11
Q

What is the role of the amygdala in the limbic system

A

Output–> plays a critical role in negative emotions (esp fear)

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12
Q

What region might serve as a conduit between the cognitive functions of the prefrontal cortex and the emotional experiences of medial temporal limbic systems?

A

anterior cingulate cortex

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13
Q

What region of the limbic system is associated with sadness?

A

anterior cingulate system

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14
Q

What is Kluver-Bucy syndrome?

A

Lack of fear in the presence of previously fearful stimuli (amygdala lesion)

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15
Q

What is psychic blindness?

A

The absence of an appropriate behavioral response to fear-eliciting stimuli (the cognitive processing of emotional stimuli was altered)

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16
Q

Besides mediating the fear response, what are the functions of the basolateral amygdala?

A

negative and positive emotional experiences as well as spatial and motor learning

17
Q

Where does the basolateral amygdala receive input from?

A

cerebral cortex, thalamus, and hippocampus

18
Q

Where is the amygdala in regard to the hippocampus?

A

anterior to it

Both are in the medial aspect of the temporal cortex

19
Q

What are the parts of the true limbic system?

A

1) cerebral cortex–> orbital and medial PFC, anterior cingulate cortex, and amygdala (output)
2) hypothalamus (PVN)–> output
3) Basal ganglia–> ventral striatum (ventral pallidum and N. accumbens)
4) Thalamus–> MD nucleus (connects striatum to the cortex)

20
Q

What are the 3 basic components of emotional response?

A

1) autonomic/ visceral
2) somatomotor
3) internal feelings

21
Q

which part of the limbic system allows for Duchenne’s smile?

A

the cingulate cortex

22
Q

What are the two major output pathways of the emotional brain?

A

The amygdala and the hypothalamus

23
Q

How does the hypothalamus maintain homeostasis?

A

1) activating the autonomics

2) HPA axis

24
Q

What is the major descending pathway from the PVN (hypothalamus)?

A

Dorsal longitudinal fasciculus (DFL)

25
Q

What is the function of the PFC in regard to the limbic system?

A

It provides regulation via its feedback to the amygdala

26
Q

What is the function of the anterior (and middle) cingulate cortex in regard to the limbic system?

A

Stores emotional memories and generates relevant somatomotor behavior

27
Q

What is the input end of the limbic loop of the basal ganglia?

A

The ventral striatum or nucleus accumbuns

28
Q

What is the output end of the limbic loop of the basal ganglia?

A

Ventral pallidum

29
Q

What is the function of the Ventral Tegmental area (VTA) of the brainstem in the limbic loop of the basal ganglia?

A

provides the dopaminergic input to the loop

Neuro (15 decks)

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