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Neuro > Auditory > Flashcards

Auditory Flashcards

1
Q

What innervates the Hair Cells of the inner ear?

A

CN VIII

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2
Q

What structure in the ear does Branchial Pouch 1 form?

A

The middle ear and the auditory sapce

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3
Q

What structure of the ear does branchial cleft 1 form?

A

External auditory acoustic meatus

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4
Q

Which ossicles does branchial arch 1 form?

A

Malleus and Incus

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5
Q

Which ossicles does branchial arch 2 form?

A

stapes

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6
Q

What does the otic placode give rise to?

A

Hair cell receptors and the ganglion cells of CN VIII

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7
Q

What innervates the Outer eardrum?

A

V3, VII, and X

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8
Q

What innervates the inner eardrum

A

IX

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9
Q

What is the range of human hearing?

A

20Hz to 20,000Hz

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10
Q

What is Prebicusis?

A

The high frequency side of hearing is affected by aging

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11
Q

Where is conversational speech located in the Hearing Sensitivity Range?

A

In the middle

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12
Q

What innervates the lining of the middle ear?

A

CN IX (tympanic)

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13
Q

What branch of VII runs through the middle ear and what nerve does it give off?

A

Facial; Chordae tympani

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14
Q

What two muscles attach to the ossicles and what are they innervated by?

A

Tensor tympani (5)–> malleus and Stapedius muscle (7)–> stapes

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15
Q

What is the efferent arm of the auditory reflex?

A

CN V and VII (CNs that innervate the muscles that move the ossicles)

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16
Q

What is the function of the ossicles?

A

amplify and transfer the sound pressure wave to the fluid of the inner ear

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17
Q

The attachment of the malleus to the eardrum is _______ (size) compared to the attachment of the stapes to the oval window

A

21x larger

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18
Q

What is the significance of the lever arm of the malleus being longer than that of the incus?

A

Increases the pressure the stapes applies to the oval window by 1.3x

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19
Q

How many times does the membranous duct turn in humans?

A

2.5x

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20
Q

What is the helicotrema?

A

It connects the scala vestibule and scala tympani

21
Q

The scala media is filled with _____, which is composed of _____

A

endolymph; high in K and low in Ca and Na

22
Q

What secretes endolymph?

A

Stria vascularis

23
Q

Where do the auditory hair cell sit?

A

on the basilar membrane and underneath the tectorial membrane

24
Q

What activates the hair cells?

A

The tectorial membrane

25
Q

The base of the basilar membrane vibrates with ____ frequencies

A

High

26
Q

The apex of the basilar membrane vibrates with ____ frequencies

A

low

27
Q

What initiates the bending of the steriocilia?

A

the up and down movement of the basilar membrane

28
Q

There are ___ rows of outer hair cells and ____ rows of inner hair cells

A

3;1

29
Q

95% of the auditory nerve fibers innervate the _____ hair cells

A

inner

30
Q

Where do the auditory nerve cells terminate?

A

cochlear nucleus

31
Q

which hair cells are myelinated?

A

Inner

32
Q

Which hair cells actively change their length?

A

outer

33
Q

What is the function of the outer hair cells?

A

amplify the vibration and enhance the stimulation of the inner hair cells

34
Q

The output of the cochlea is _____ and they have their cells bodies in ____

A

auditory nerve fibers; auditory/spiral ganglion

35
Q

Cells of the cochlear nucleus project bilaterally to the nuclei of the pons known as ______ via the _______ pathway

A

Superior oliver; trapezoid

36
Q

Outputs from the cochlear nucleus and the superior olive are bilateral and converge on ____

A

the inferior colliculus

37
Q

Cells in the auditory thalamus will respond to sounds from one/both ear(s)

A

both

38
Q

Where is wernicke’s area

A

Left side of the brain behind the secondary auditory complex

39
Q

What will be the result of a lesion in Wernicke’s area?

A

Problem with language comprehension–> patients can’t understand questions and speech has a normal rhythm but is meaningless

40
Q

What will be the result of a lesion in Broca’s area?

A

They will have problems with language production–> so they will understand speech but not be able to produce speech

41
Q

What will be the result of a lesion in the arcute fibers?

A

Can’t repeat heard phrases

42
Q

What is the Weber Test?

A

Place the vibrating fork on a midline bony prominence to stimulate the hair cells directly via bone conduction

43
Q

If the Weber test finds that sound is louder in the good ear, it means it is a ______ problem

A

Sensorineural

44
Q

If the Weber test finds that sound is louder in the bar ear, it means it is a ______ problem

A

Conduction

45
Q

The Rhinne test is used for ______ hearing loss

A

conductive

46
Q

What is the Rinne Test?

A

You place the tuning fork on the mastoid process and the patient indicates when they can’t hear it anymore and then they indicate if they can hear it through air conduction

47
Q

What causes Tinnitus?

A

damage to the hair cels/ CN VIII nerve

48
Q

What is Meniere’s disease?

A

A disorder of the inner ear cause by abnormal volume/composition of fluid

Neuro (15 decks)

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