sleep

Question 1

What happens in NREM stage 1 sleep?

Answer 1

1) loss of alpha activity and prominent theta activity in the EEG
2) eye movements become slow and rolling
3) skeletal muscle tone relaxes

Question 2

What happens in NREM stage 2 sleep?

Answer 2

1) sleep spindles and K complexes appear in the EEG
2) no eye movements
3) EMG (muscle) activity decereases

Question 3

What happens in stage 3 NREM sleep?

Answer 3

1) slow waves appear

2) No eye movements

Question 4

What is tonic REM sleep?

Answer 4

increased activity in the theta band and generalized atonia

Question 5

What is phasic REM sleep?

Answer 5

Rapid burst of eye movement and muscle twitches

Question 6

What makes up the dorsal branch of the ascending arousal system and what is its neurotransmitter?

Answer 6

PPT and LDT and they release Ach to the thalamus

Question 7

What makes up the ventral branch of the ascending arousal system and what are its neurotransmitters?

Answer 7

TMN (histamine) DR (serotonin) and LC (norepinephrine) vPAG (dopamine)—> bypass the thalamus to go the hypothalamus

Question 8

What happens when you lesion the AAS?

Answer 8

You get profound sleepiness

Question 9

What does VPLO do?

Answer 9

Projects to all aspects of the dorsal and ventral branch of the AAS and inhibits them and stimulates the LH/PeF that contains orexin

Question 10

What will be the result of a lesion in VPLO?

Answer 10

insomnia

Question 11

What lesion will cause narcolepsy?

Answer 11

LH/PeF lesion that inhibits orexin release