Vision 1

Question 1

What is the main function of eye?

Answer 1

capture light at front and project detailed images of external world onto layer of neurons (retina) in back

Question 2

How is light focused?

Answer 2

bending of light through refraction

Question 3

What parts of the eyes are responsible for refraction?

Answer 3

cornea and lens

Question 4

What is the transparent outer layer of eye, whose curvature is fixed? Forms image on retina

Answer 4

cornea

Question 5

What is the structure in eye that helps focus an image on the retina? Fine tunes image on retina

Answer 5

lens

Question 6

What are the muscles that control the shape of lens inside the eye, focusing on image on the retina?

Answer 6

ciliary muscles

Question 7

What is the process to bring nearby objects into focus?

Answer 7

accommodation

Question 8

What is the mechanism of accommodation?

Answer 8

ciliary muscles adjust the lens

Question 9

What is myopia?

Answer 9

nearsightedness; inability to focus retinal image of objets that are far away

Question 10

Why does myopia develop?

Answer 10

develops if eyeball is too long

Question 11

What photoreceptor cells are active at low levels of light?

Answer 11

rods

Question 12

What photoreceptor cells are sensitive to color?

Answer 12

cones

Question 13

What type of cells form the optic nerve?

Answer 13

ganglion cells

Question 14

What type of cell receives info from rods/cones and passed info to retinal ganglion cells?

Answer 14

bipolar cells

Question 15

What is the order of processing in retina?

Answer 15

photoreceptors (rods/cones) –> bipolar cells –> ganglion cells –> optic nerve

Question 16

What is the scotopic system?

Answer 16

system in retina that operates at low levels of light and involves RODS; includes convergence

Question 17

What is the photopic system?

Answer 17

system in retina that operates at high levels of light and involves CONES; less convergence

Question 18

What is convergence?

Answer 18

many neural cells send a signal to one cell

Question 19

How can the eye deal with a large range of light intensities?

Answer 19

changing the size of the pupil (dilation + constriction)

Question 20

What nervous system is pupil dilation associated with?

Answer 20

sympathetic nervous system (fight or flight)

Question 21

What nervous system is pupil constriction associated with?

Answer 21

parasympathetic nervous system (rest and digest)