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Intro Neuro > Important terms for Quest 4 (microtubules + motors) > Flashcards

Important terms for Quest 4 (microtubules + motors) Flashcards

1
Q

What is diameter of microtubules?

A

25 nm

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2
Q

How can you describe the makeup of microtubules?

A

hollow tubes assembled from alpha-beta tubular dimers

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3
Q

What is the order of the assembly in vitro?

A

lag phase, elongation phase, plateau phase

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4
Q

What is the lag phase?

A

Before the tube is formed, assembly less energetically favorable so slower

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5
Q

What is a GTP cap?

A

puts a stop to GTP dimers, prevents microtubule from peeling apart (allow it to be more stable)

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6
Q

What is an MTOC?

A

Microtubule Organizing Center. Microtubules assemble from these. Centrosome is a kind of this.

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7
Q

What is a gamma tubular ring?

A

circle of game tubular subunits; where the microtubule comes out from centrosome (plus side coming out)

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8
Q

What is dynamic instability?

A

Microtubule can be broken down and recycled, used in a different place; allows movement, what makes microtubules important; establish specific tracks to specific places

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9
Q

What protein promotes assembly?

A

EB1 (End Binding protein 1)

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10
Q

What do Tip1, Tea2, and Mal3 do?

A

transport cargo to the actin cortex

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11
Q

What do MCAK, EB1, TIP150 do?

A

maintain inter-kinetochore tension. Transmits cortical forces for spindle positioning

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12
Q

What do Bim1, Kar9, and Bik1 do?

A

tracks depolymerizing microtubules. Transmits cortical forces for spindle positioning and proper mother-bud segregation.

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13
Q

What do biomolecular condensates do in relate to microtubules

A

Recruit proteins to the ends of microtubules

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14
Q

What is tread milling?

A

loss of subunits at negative end of microtubule offset by assembly at plus end (moving self along, stays same length, movement depends on disassembly and assembly)

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15
Q

How are microtubules stabilized?

A

Microtubule capping proteins

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16
Q

What is a MAP and its function?

A

Microtubule associated protein. Regulate stability, dynamics, and organization of microtubules

17
Q

What does XMAP215 do?

A

Helps recruit new dimers to gamma tubular ring complex

18
Q

What is the MAP that destabilizes microtubules by binding to multiple dimers?

A

Stathmin

19
Q

What is MAP that stabilizes microtubules by binding to multiple dimers?

A

Tau

20
Q

What is the function of katanin and spastin?

A

microtubule severing MAPs

21
Q

What do post-translational modifications do for microtubules?

A

diversify structures, change MAP binding

22
Q

What is taxol?

A

drug that binds + stabilizes microtubules

23
Q

What are colchicine, colcemid, vinblastine, vincristine?

A

drugs that bind dimers and prevent polymerization

24
Q

What is epothilone B?

A

naturally occurring microtubule stabilizer (promotes axonal recovery after injury)

25
Q

How is Golgi related to microtubules?

A

transport (vesicles)

26
Q

How do microtubule motors move?

A

“walk” along microtubule, powered by ATP, binding + releasing –> mechanical movement, can walk forwards or backwards

27
Q

What is dynein?

A

motor protein, minus (-) end directed, retrograde (backward transport to cell body)

28
Q

What is kinesin?

A

motor protein, plus (+) end directed, anterograde (outward transport to axon terminal)

29
Q

How do the motor proteins move in a certain way?

A

bind in a certain way so it can walk that way

30
Q

How can kinesin’s walking step power be described?

A

modular, symmetric

31
Q

How can dynein’s walking step power be described?

A

irregular

32
Q

What are the function(s) of kinesin?

A

mostly transport

33
Q

What are the function(s) of dynein?

A

ciliary beating and intraflagellar transport, interphase cargo transport, mitotic spindle assembly and function

34
Q

How does the the cilia move?

A

power stroke from microtubule sliding

35
Q

What creates cilia?

A

Basal bodies

36
Q

What does 9+2 geometry refer to?

A

Structure of motile cilia, 9 outer doublets and 2 singlets

37
Q

What drives bend formation of flagella?

A

Dynein movement, microtubule sliding, one side motor engaged, other side inhibited

38
Q

What does 9+0 geometry refer to?

A

Structure of immotile (primary) cilia, 9 outer doublets and 0 singlets

39
Q

What is the difference between motile and immotile cilia?

A

Immotile (primary) cilia = sites of signal reception; motile cilia = facilitate flow of fluids

Intro Neuro (10 decks)

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