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Virology > Viruses of Childhood > Flashcards

Viruses of Childhood Flashcards

1
Q

Which viruses are common causes of RT illness that do not involve viremia in infants and children?

A

parainfluenza virus
respiratory syncytial virus
metapneumovirus

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2
Q

Which viruses replicate in upper RT and then result in viremia in children?

A 
measles
mumps
rubella
parvovirus B19
varicella zoster
human herpes virus 6
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3
Q

what kind of virus causes measles (rubeola)

A

Paramyxovirus

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4
Q

What kind of virus causes rubella (german measles)

A

Togavirus

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5
Q

What kind of virus causes erythema infectiosum (fifth disease)

A

Parvovirus B19

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6
Q

why are immunizations so efficacious against measles, mumps, rubella?

A

infection protects again re-infection/disease

the virus has only one antigenic type

Ig developed can limit virus at the systemic replication period (which occurs before infection of the target organ)

only known to occur in humans

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7
Q

What produces the rash in measles?

A

the virus infects endothelial cells and immune T cells after viremia

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8
Q

What commonly occurs last in measles infections?

A

recovery and lifelong immunity

only in rare cases do you get encephalitis, panencephalitis, or no resolution/death

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9
Q

What are the symptoms of measles

A

maculopapular rash
cough, conjunctivitis, coryza, photophobia
Koplik spots

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10
Q

what are the complications of measles

A 
PNEUMONIA
otitis media
croup
blindness
encephalitis
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11
Q

when are the MMR vaccines given

A

12-15 months, then 4-6 yrs old

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12
Q

what kind of vaccine is the MMR

A

live attenuated

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13
Q

disease incidence of measles in US after licensing of vaccine in 1960s

A

has dropped very successfully, but still occasional outbreaks from unimmunized people

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14
Q

symptoms of mumps

A

often asymptomatic
*parotitis, fever
swelling of glands (orchitis, oophoritis, mastitis, pancreatitis, throiditis)
CNS (mild meningitis)

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15
Q

mumps prevention and control

A

good vaccine

cases have dropped lots since vaccine, but still are cases-college campuses

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16
Q

symptoms of rubella

A

can be asymptomatic

children: mild rash
adults: more severe-arthritis, arthralgia
neonates: congenital defects

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17
Q

what is of concern for adults who get rubella?

A

pregnant mothers can transmit to fetus

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18
Q

rubella prevention and control

A

good vaccine

cases have gone down since vaccine

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19
Q

What is the genome of Parvovirus B19

A

single stranded DNA

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20
Q

shape of parvovirus B19

A

icosahedral, non-enveloped

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21
Q

what does the parvovirus B19 rely on the host for?

A

DNA replication

22
Q

what kind of virus is bocavirus?

A

Parvovirus

23
Q

what does parvovirus B19 infect?

A

actively replicating RBC progenitors in bone marrow (after viremia)

24
Q

receptor for Parvovirus B19

A

blood group P antigen (on mature erythryocytes, erythroid progenitors, megakaryocytes, endothelial cells, placenta, fetal liver, fetal heart)

25
Q

How does the Parvovirus B19 replicate?

A

it needs the host cell to be in S phase

26
Q

symptoms of parvovirus B19 infection

A

usually inapparent infection
clinically apparent–erythema infectiosum fifth disease rash (after 21 days)
non specific flulike symptoms (fever, headache, chills, myalgia) initially. Decreased hemoglobin levels (virus replicating)

27
Q

erythema infectiosum fifth disease

A

bright red cheeks
maculopapular rash
circulating immune complexes-cause rash, arthralgia, arthritis

28
Q

complications of B19 infection

A

anemia

fetus–can cause still birth, anemia, CHF because fetal cells are actively dividing

29
Q

what kinds of symptoms do rotatvirus and norovirus cause

A

gastroenteritis
diarrhea
vomiting

30
Q

What kind of virus is rotavirus

A

Reo

31
Q

What kind of virus is Norovirus

A

Calici

32
Q

genome of rotavirus

A

11 double stranded RNA segments for 12 genes

33
Q

rotavirus: envelope or no

A

none, three layer capsid

34
Q

which antigenic group for the rotavirus is the most common cause of disease in humans

A

group A

35
Q

what in rotavirus is similar to influenza

A

can have reassortment of its genome segments when co-infection occurs

36
Q

structural proteins on rotavirus

A

VP4-neutralization antigen
VP7-neutralization antigen
VP6-subgroup antigen (for naming A to E)

37
Q

non structural proteins of rotavirus

A

NSP4: ENTEROTOXIN

38
Q

What does NSP4 cause

A

diarrhea

39
Q

how does NSP4 cause diarrhea

A

increases intracellular calcium levels
disrupts adhesions between epithelial cells
extracellular NSP4 induces phosphlipase C to increase Ca2+
in goblet cells, increases efflux of Cl- to lumen

40
Q

prevention of rotavirus

A

two vaccines: RotaTeq, Rotarix

41
Q

how effective have the rotavirus vaccines been

A

effective

42
Q

What is a major cause of foodborne illness outbreaks

A

norovirus

43
Q

when is norovirus infection most common

A

winter

44
Q

time course of norovirus usually lasts

A

3 days

45
Q

what factors help norovirus spread?

A

low infectious dose
lengthy asymptomatic shedding after symptoms of illness are gone
stability in environment (temperature and chlorine resistant)
strain diversity
can reinfect/not very lasting immunity

46
Q

vaccine for norovirus?

A

none

47
Q

what is the genome of norovirus similar to

A

picornaviruses–long polypeptide that is cleaved

48
Q

enteroviruses frequently occur what time of year

A

summer to fall

49
Q

enteroviruses can cause

A

meningitis

50
Q

prevention of enteroviruses

A

no method

51
Q

hadn foot and mouth disease can be caused by

A

coxsackie A viruses and enterovirus 71

52
Q

enterovirus infections can cause pathology in what systems

A 
skin-hand foot mouth
muscle
brain-paralytic disease
meninges-meningitis
etc

Virology (15 decks)

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