Clinical: HIV/AIDS

Question 1

when does acute HIV retroviral syndrome occur?

Answer 1

2-6 wks after infection

Question 2

symptoms of acute HIV retroviral syndrome

Answer 2

fever
arthralgia, myalgia
anorexia, weight loss
rash
lymphadenopathy
fatigue
pharyngitis, oral ulcers

Question 3

what occurs for acute HIV retroviral syndrome on a cellular level

Answer 3

decreased CD4 T cells in circulation
high levels of viremia
CD8 T cells contains infection

Question 4

what tests can you do for HIV?

Answer 4

antibody tests w/ Western as confirmation-negative until 4-6 wks after infection with

antigen tests (detectable after 10-14 days after infection): HIV viral load-RNA but expensive

combo HIV antibody/antigen tests (time after infection to detect is in btwn the two above)

Question 5

What do you follow in treating HIV patients every 3 months

Answer 5

T cell counts

Question 6

what does antiretroviral treatment consist of?

Answer 6

3 meds
from 2 classes of drugs
usually 2 from nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
and 1 from either:

nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor
protease inhibitor
integrase inhibitor
fusion inhibitor
CCR5 receptor antagonist

Question 7

what explains the reduction of deaths due to HIV infection after 1995?

Answer 7

after developing HAART therapies

Question 8

healthcare exposure of HIV

Answer 8

percutaneous injury or contact of mucous membrane with:

blood
tissue
others (CSF, semen, vaginal secretions, etc)

Question 9

If you suspect you may have been infected with HIV, what can you do?

Answer 9

post-exposure prophylaxis within 72 hours

Question 10

downside of PEP for those who think they may have been sexually exposed to HIV?

Answer 10

timely access

expensive

Question 11

PrEP used for

Answer 11

to prevent getting infected with HIV

condoms not 100% effective at preventing HIV