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Virology > Respiratory Viruses > Flashcards

Respiratory Viruses Flashcards

1
Q

what kind of respiratory diseases can viruses cause?

A 
rhinitis
pharengitis
croup
bronchitis
bronchiolitis
pneumonia
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2
Q

What family are the rhinovirus in?

A

Picornaviruses

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3
Q

What family are the coronavirus in?

A

Coronavirus

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4
Q

What family are the SARS and MERS viruses in?

A

Coronavirus

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5
Q

What family are the influenza viruses in?

A

orthomyxoviridae

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6
Q

What family are the parainfluenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, metapneumovirus, measles, mumps viruses in?

A

Paramyxoviridae

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7
Q

What is the genome of orthomyxo viruses

A

negative RNA, enveloped

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8
Q

what is the genome of corona viruses

A

positive RNA, enveloped

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9
Q

what is the genome of paramyxoviruses

A

negative RNA, enveloped

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10
Q

what are the types of orthomyxoviruses named based on?

A

matrix and nucleoprotein antigens

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11
Q

what are the subtypes of orthomyxoviruses based on?

A

hemagglutinin and neuraminidase

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12
Q

What causes antigenic drift?

A

error prone RNA polymerase

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13
Q

define antigenic drift

A

minor changes in gene of either hemagglutinin or neuraminidase

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14
Q

define antigenic shift

A

gene reassortment between a human and animal strain

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15
Q

what cells does influenza infect

A

ciliated epithelial cells of upper respiratory tract, trachea, bronchi

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16
Q

What does replication of the influenza virus cause in the respiratory epithelium?

A

destruction, also due to immune response

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17
Q

what kind of role does viremia play in the pathogenesis of influenza?

A

not a major role

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18
Q

when do you through lab detection find rise in virus specific antibody for influenza after the inoculation?

A

8 days after inoculation

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19
Q

symptoms of influenza virus infection in adults

A

rapid fever, malaise, myalgia, sore throat, nonproductive cough

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20
Q

symptoms of influenza virus infection in children

A

similar to adults but higher fever, GI symptoms, otitis media, myositis

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21
Q

complications of influenza virus infection

A

primary viral pneumonia
secondary bacterial pneumonia
myositis, cardiac involvement
neurologic syndromes (Guillain Barre, encephalopathy, encephalitis, Reye syndrome w/ aspirin use)

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22
Q

how do you diagnose influenza

A

rapid antigen capture (nucleoprotein of type A, B)

RTPCR (if want to know strain)

23
Q

What is unique about the influenza virus?

A

its RNA actually goes inside host nucleus

transcription and replication of viral genome occurs in the nucleus

24
Q

how does release of the RNA of influenza occur inside the host cell?

A

acid of endosome causes M2 to be activated, channel opens to allow protons, and acid causes dissocation of matrix in virus. Acid causes HA to structurally change and cause membrane fusion

25
Q

what is the best antiviral treatment for influenza?

A

NA inhibitor

26
Q

what receptors does influenza virus bind to

A

sialic acid

27
Q

therapy against influenza

A

amantadine and rimantadine–inhibit uncoating, block M2 protein

28
Q

what does ribavirin do?

A

therapy against influenza that inhibits production of viral RNA

29
Q

what do zanamivir and oseltamivir do?

A

therapy against influenza that inhibits neuraminidase

30
Q

what are 50% of common colds caused by?

A

rhinovirus

31
Q

is there a vaccine for the rhinovirus?

A

no, because more than 150 serotypes

32
Q

what temperature does rhinovirus grow at ?

A

better at 33 than 37, so mostly upper respiratory infec

33
Q

what prevention and control measures are there for rhinovirus?

A

none

34
Q

what is the second most prominent cause of common colds?

A

coronaviruses

35
Q

where does coronavirus infect?

A

URT epithelial cells

36
Q

vaccines available for coronavirus?

A

no

37
Q

what is on the surface of paramyxovirus family viruses

A

Fusion protein

Hemagglutinin-neuraminidase

38
Q

What are important proteins in paramyxovirus family viruses that mokdulate immune response?

A

NS1 and NS2 (nonstructural proteins)

39
Q

human parainfluenza viruses cause what kind of pathology

A

acute upper and lower resp illness in infants, young kids, elderly, immunocompromised

40
Q

Which human parainfluenza virus causes lower respiratory illness in the first year of life?

A

HPIV3

41
Q

when do HPIV1 and HPIV2 people?

A

later in life, croup

42
Q

vaccines for parainfluenza virus?

A

in development

43
Q

what do respiratory syncytial viruses cause?

A

most common cause of fatal acute RT infection in the young

infects everyone by the time they are 2 normally

re-infects through life

44
Q

do infants get protection from maternal Ig for RSV?

A

no

45
Q

where does RSV cause infection?

A

RT. no systemic spread

46
Q

how does bronchiolitis occur for RSV?

A

most likely by host’s immune response

47
Q

what determines severity of the RSV infection?

A

type of helper T cell response:

adults: Th1–cytolysis, clearance
infants: Th2–eosinophiles, wheezing, mast cells, histamine

48
Q

RSV in adults presents as

A

common cold

49
Q

vaccine for RSV

A

none

50
Q

human metapneumovirus causes the most severe disease in

A

population similar to RSV

usually all kids by 5 have gotten infection

51
Q

What kinds of diseases do adenoviruses cause

A

RT infection (pharyngitis)
conjunctivitis
GI
hemokrrhagic cysttitis -inflammation of urinary bladder

systemic infec in immunocompromised

52
Q

what kinds of infections can adenovirus cause in RT?

A

destructive productive infec
persistent infec
latent infections in lymphoid tissues

53
Q

in whom does adnovirus primarly cause disease in?

A

infants, young children, military recruits

Virology (15 decks)

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