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Virology > Lymphotropic Herpesviruses > Flashcards

Lymphotropic Herpesviruses Flashcards

1
Q

what are examples of beta herpesviruses

A

CMV
herpesvirus 6a
herpesvirus 6b
herpesvirus 7

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2
Q

what are examples of gamma herpesviruses

A

epstein barr virus

Kaposi’s sarcoma virus

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3
Q

What is a special feature of gamma herpesviruses?

A

can be oncogenic

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4
Q

what do cells infected with CMV look like?

A

owl eyes–inclusion bodies

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5
Q

% seropositive for CMV in US

A

40-80%

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6
Q

what kinds of disease does CMV cause

A

healthy adults: asymptomatic, mild mononucleosis or cold-like symptoms

symptomatic with immunosuppresion

long term persistent infec associations w/ atherosclerosis, immunosenescence, neuroblastoma

leading cause of congenital birth defects

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7
Q

genome of CMV

A

double stranded DNA

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8
Q

CMV size

A

200 nm

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9
Q

how many proteins does CMV encode

A

more than 750

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10
Q

DNA replication machinery of CMV

A

CMV has its own

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11
Q

shape of CMV

envelope or not

A

icosahedral
has envelope w/ glycoproteins
has tegument proteins and RNA inside

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12
Q

what are the stages of transcription for CMV?

A

immediate early
early
late

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13
Q

CMV is transmitted how

A

direct contact w/ secretions that have virus (semen, cervical secretions, blood, saliva, tears, breast milk, urine, feces)

inoculation onto a mucosal site

organ transplants, transplacental

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14
Q

what symptoms are seen when CMV sheds?

A

can have or not have symptoms

viral excretion starts at 1 month

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15
Q

in whom do you see the highest rates of transmission?

A

parents of CMV shedding child who goes to daycares

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16
Q

Where does CMV lytic replication occur?

A

in epithelial, dendritic, fibroblasts, sm musc, endothelial, macrophages, trophoblasts

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17
Q

where is CMV latent in?

A

CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells, monocytes

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18
Q

role of innate immune response in CMV infection?

A

can control but not enough to clear

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19
Q

role of humoral response in CMV infec

A

no role in clearance, but may limit reinfec or reactivation

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20
Q

role of cell mediated immunity in CMV infec

A

cytotoxic T cells kill CMV infected cells

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21
Q

ultimate result of immune reaction in CMV infection

A

cannot completely control CMV

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22
Q

symptoms of CMV in healthy adults, children

A

mild, often unapparent

fever, fatigue, sore throat, headache

liver fxn abnormalities

lymphocytosis (increase in # of lymphocytes and atypical lymphocytes)

lymphadenopathy

mononucleosis (hterophile antibody negative)

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23
Q

how do you diagnose CMV

A

serology-IgM, IgG–IgG avidity increases over time and can distinguish recent or past infec

Owl’s eye cells in urine

culture virus, immunofluorescence detect.

PCR!!

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24
Q

treatment for CMV infections

A

note: don’t work for latent infections

ganciclovir or valganciclovir: 2-deoxyguanosine analogue, inhibits viral DNA polymerase

foscarnet: analog of pyrophosphate, inhibits pyrophosphate binding site on viral DNA polymerase
cidofovir: 2-doxycytidine analogue, inhibits viral DNA polymerase

CMV doesn’t have a thymidine kinase (acyclovir not effec.)

anti CMV IgG

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25
Q

symptoms of perinatal infections for CMV

A

usually none

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26
Q

what is the worst scneario for congenital CMV?

A

infection during first trimester

27
Q

symptoms of CMV infection at birth

A

petechial lesions
small size at birth
hepatosplenomegaly
jaundice

28
Q

diagnosis of congenital infection

A

detect in amniotic fluid (or newborn’s urine, saliva)

29
Q

treatment of newborns with CMV

A

candidate for ganciclovir treatment

evaluate for hearing loss, retinitis, neuro fxn

30
Q

CMV infec in immunosuppressed-what to do

A

monitor with PCR or IgG

manage with antivirals

31
Q

another term for human herpesvirus 6b

A

roseola infantum

32
Q

what is special of human herpesvirus 6b

A

its genome can integrate into the host’s

33
Q

prevalance of herpesvirus 6b

A

90% of kids older than 2 are seropositive

34
Q

symptoms of herpesvirus 6b

A

high fever, irritable, malaise, lympahdenopathy

35
Q

when does human herpesvirus 6b reactivate?

A

in stem cell transplant recipients

36
Q

where does human herpesvirus 6b replicate

A

CD4+ T cells, unknown latency site

37
Q

treatments for human herpesvirus 6b

A

no specific, but can use anti-CMV drugs

38
Q

prevalance of Epstein Barr virus

A

by early 20s, more than 95% seropositive

39
Q

shedding of Epstein Barr virus has what symptoms?

A

90% of intermittent shedding has no symptoms

40
Q

what diseases does epstein barr virus cause

A

asymptomatic usually in childhood

infectious mononucleosis
post transplant lymphoproliferative disorder
lymphomas (B, T, NK cell)

41
Q

envelop or not for Epstein Barr virus

A

enveloped

42
Q

how many proteins does ebv genome encode

A

70 proteins incl DNA replication machinery

43
Q

where does EBV replicate in

A

B cells or epithelial cells

44
Q

where is EBV latent in

A

memory B cells

45
Q

What is notable about EBV antigens used for serology?

A

there are lytic and latent viral antigens

46
Q

how is EBV transmitted

A

saliva, blood

47
Q

where does EBV lytic replication occur?

A

limited to epithelium of pharynx and B cells b/c of restricted receptor expression

48
Q

What is notable about EBV latency?

A

there are two types of latency stages: III, and I/II

49
Q

what happens in latency stage III

A

viral antigens are made in proliferating B cells

50
Q

when does infectious mononucleosis occur?

A

in latency stage III

51
Q

what occurs in latency stage II/I

A

viral antigens are made in memory B cells

the I/II stage can lead to Burkitt’s, Hodgkin lymphomas, nasopharyngeal carcinoma

52
Q

what are the diagnostics for mononucleosis?

A

atypical T or Downey cells

hterophile antibodies made by B cells in latency III

53
Q

what occurs in latency stage I?

A

viral genome is tethered to host chromosome

54
Q

immune response to EBV-final result

A

never cleared

55
Q

humoral response in EBV

A

neutralizing antibodies have no effect on shed virus

56
Q

EBV diseases

A

infectious mononucloesis–overactive immune response

B cell immortalization and lack of immune control (PTLD)

57
Q

prevalance of symptoms for infectious mononucleosis

A

30% have symptoms

58
Q

symptoms of infectious mononucleosis EBV

A

fever, malaise, lymphadenopathy, exudative pharyngitis, splenomegaly

hterophile antibodies

symptoms b/c of T cell response

59
Q

Post transplant lymphoproliferative disorder

A

immunosuppresive therapy activates infection

60
Q

therapies for PTLD

A

no antiviral drugs or vaccines for EBV
reduce immunosuppression
infuse CTL cell lines

61
Q

diagnosis of EBV

A

serology (antibody against antigens-lytic or latent?)

for mononucleosis: test for heterophile natibodies with RBC agglutination

for PTLD–fluorescent hybrdiz to RNA
PCR

62
Q

EBV associated lymphomas

A

Burkitt’s lympoma (jaw and face)
Nasopharyngeal epithelial carcinoma
B cell lymomas

63
Q

Kaposi’s Sarcoma prevalance in N america

A

0-5% in N america

more than 50% in parts of Africa

64
Q

replication of kaposi’s sarcoma virus

A

CD19+ peripheral B cells, endothelial cells, monocytes, kertainocytes, epithlial

Virology (15 decks)

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