Viruses Flashcards
Protein coat in viruses are called
Capsid
All ________ viruses are enveloped
Helical
_______ viruses can be enveloped or naked
Icosahedral
Viral protein for attachment to host cell receptors
Surface proteins
Viral protein for interaction between nucleocapsid and envelope
Matrix protein
Viral envelopes are lipid lembrsnes derived from?
The host cell
Process where the viral envelope is acquired as the virus exits from the cell
Budding
All enveloped viruses acquire their envelope from plasma membrane except
Herpes virus
Nuclear membrane
Naked viruses
Naked CPR and PAPP smear
Calici
Picorna
Reo
Parvo
Adeno
Papilloma
Polyoma
The interstital space between the nucleocapsid and the envelope is called
Tegument (matrix)
All viruses are haploid except for
Retroviruses
RNA viruses that have segmented genome
BOAR
Bunya
Orthomyxo
Arena
Reo
Negative strand RNA viruses must transcribe negative strand to positive through
RNA dependent polymerase
Negative strand RNA virus
Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication
Arena Bunya Paramyxo Ortho Filo Rhabdo
Example of paramyxovirus
Parainfluenza
RSV
measles
Mumps
Example of orthomyxovirus
Influenza
Example of filovirus
Ebola
Example of Reovirus
Rotavirus
Examples of Picornavirus
Polio
Coxsackie
Rhino
Hepatitis A
Example of Calicivirus
Norwalk
Hepatitis E
Characteristics of viral genetics that causes epidemics
Genomic reassortment
Outcome of viral infection:
Causes visual or functional change in infected cells
Cytopathic effect
Infected cells that appear normal but are producing large numbers of progeny virus
Commensal symbiosis
Virulence factor that reduce the expression of antigen presenting crlls and inactivate complement
Virokines
The gold standard in viral diagnosis
Presence of viral DNA or RNA
First vaccine to prevent a human cancer
HBV
Most common sites of viral infection and disease
Oropharynx and respiratory tract
DNA viruses
HHAPPPPy viruses
Hepadna Herpes Adeno Pox Parvo Polyoma Papilloma
All DNA viruses have double stranded DNA except
Parvovirus
All DNA viruses have linear DNA except
Papilloma
Polyoma
Hepadna
All DNA virus are icosahedral except
Poxvirus (brick shaped)
All DNA virus replicate in the nucleus except
Poxvirus
Naked DNA viruses
Human papilloma
Parvo
Adeno
Slapped cheek
Fever
Coryza
Sore throat
Disease and causative agent?
Erythema infectiosum
Parvovirus B19
Can cause aplastic crisis
Hydrops fetalis
Arthritis
Pancytopenia in immunodeficient patients
Parvovirus B19
The only virus with fiber
Adenovirus
Adenovirus’ fiber is called
Penton fiber
Conjunctivitis
Bronchitis
AGE
Hemorrhagic cystitis
Has Cowdry type B intranuclear inclusions
Adenovirus
Infects squamous cells and induce formation of cytoplasmic vacuoles
Transmission by direct contact or sexual
HPV
HPV genes E6 and E7 can cause inactivation of which tumor suppressor genes
E6- p53
E7- Rb
Most common viral STI
HPV 6 and 11
HPV 16 and 18 can cause carcinoma of?
Cervix
Penis
Anus
This virus can cause progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in patients with AIDS
JC Polyoma virus
This virus can cause hemorrhagic cystitis and nephropathy in solid organ and bone marrow transplantation
BK Polyoma virus
Virus that causes Kaposi sarcoma
HHV-8
Pathogenesis is a vesicle filled with virus particles and cell debris
HSV
Site of latency inHSV 1 infections
Trigeminal ganglia
Site of latency in HSV2 infections
Lumbosacral ganglia
HSV intranuclear inclusions are called
Cowdry Type A
Diagnosis of HSV can be through recognizing this type of cell
Multinucleated giant cells on Tzanck smear
What test is done to detect HSV
Tzanck smear
Drug of choice for HSV infection
Acyclovir
Incubation period of Varicelld
14-21 days
Dewdrop on a rose petal appearance
Varicella
Complication of varicella
Reye syndrome
Varicella spectrum where there is involvement of geniculate ganglion which causes facial nerve paralysis
Ramsay Hunt syndrome
Cytomegalovirus is cultured in
Shell tubes
CMV has _____ heterophil test
Negative or Positive?
Negativeg
Also called herpes zoster oticus
Ramsay hunt syndrome
Histology of owl’s eye nuclear inclusions is seen in this viral infection
CMV
Most common infectious cause of congenital abnormalities
CMV
Viral infection that can manifest ss microcephaly, seizures, deafness, jaundice and purpura
Especially when mother is infected in the 1st trimester
CMV
CMV can cause birth defects especially when mother is infected in what trimester?
1st trimester
Cam manifest as blueberry muffin purpura
CMV
Rubella
Disseminated neuroblastoma
Most common cause of blindness in immunocompromised patients
CMV retinitis
DOC for CMV
Gancyclovir
Transmission of EBV is through
Saliva
Infectious mononucleosis primarily affects this type of cell
B lymphocytes
Rare complication of EBV
Splenic rupture
EBV can cause this infection in the oral cavity in immunocompromised patients
Oral hairy leukoplakia
Oncogenicity of EBV can cause what types of cancer
Burkitt lymphoma- african
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma-chinese
Malignancy of the vascular endothelial cells with dark purple skin lesions and no definitive treatment
Kaposi sarcoma
Molluscum contagiosum belongs to what family of viruses?
Poxviridae
Histology: eosinophilic inclusions that can be seen in smallpox
Guarnieri bodies
Pinkish papular lesions with an UMBILICATED center transmitted by direct contact
Molluscum Contagiosum
This intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusions can be seen in Molluscum contagiosium
Henderson Peterson bodies
Treatment for molluscum contagiosum
Cifodovir
Only DNA virus that produced DNA by reverse transcription with mRNA as template
Hepa B
Cells that destroy infected hepatocytes in HBV
CD8 T cells
This surface antigen in HBV precedes the onset of symptoms and elevation of liver enzymes
HBsAg
Most specific marker for diagnosis of acute HBV infection
IgM anti HBcAg
Present during window period
Incubation period of HBV
10-12 weeks
Condition Associated with autoimmune vasculitides
Polyarteritis nodosa
Treatment for HBV
A and B
Interferon a
BLamivudine- lamivudine
Reverse transcriptase funtions as a
RNA dependent DNA polymerase
mRNA as template
All RNA viruses have single stranded DNA except
Reo
Rota
All RNA virus replicate in the cytoplasm except
Influenza and Retro
Viruses belonging to Picornaviridae family
Pico CHERPed after eating corn
Coxsackie Hepa A Echovirus Rhinovirus Poliovirus
Naked RNA viruses (Khaleesi)
Picornavirus Calicivirus Astrovirus Reo Rota
Napikon (picorn) si Calici kaya tinawag niya si ASTROboy para patumbahin ang twins na si Reo and Rota
Transmission of poliovirus
Oral-fecal
Poliovirus replicates in
Motor neurons of ANTERIOR HORN of spinal cord
Most common clinical form of Poliovirus infection
Abortive Poliomyelitis
Most debilitating form of poliovirus infection
Paralytic poliomyelitis
Poliovirus intranuclear inclusion bodies are called
Cowdry type B
Most common cause of Aseptic meningitis
Coxsackie virus
Most common viral cause of myocarditis and pericarditis
Coxsackie virus
Cause of herpangina and hand foot and mouth disease
Coxsackie virus
Previously called orphan virus
Echovirus
Enteric Cytopathic Human Orphan
Cause of common colds
Rhinovirus
Rhino has a runny nose
Acid labile virus transmitted by droplets and has more than 100 serotypes
Rhinovirus
Most common cause of nonbacterial diarrhea in adults
Norwalk virus
Viral infection that can cause sudden onset of vomiting, diarrhea with fever and abdominal pain
Norwalk virus
Most common viral cause of childhood diarrhea
Rotavirus
Right out the anus
Negative sense enveloped RNA virus
Hindi (negative) maayos ang FILes ni Rhabdo nag MYX MYX na kaya nilagay niya sa envelope
Filoviridae
Rhabdoviridae
Paramyxovirus
Orthomyxovirus
Major antigens of influenza virus
Hemagglutinin
Neuramidase
Target of neutralizing antibody in influenza virus
Hemagglutinin
Animal viruses cause epidemics among humans due to
Antigenic shift
Influenza B is only a human virus that undergoes antigenic ____
Antigenic drift
Antigenic shifts can cause ______ and antigenic drifts can cause _______
Pandemic
Epidemic
DOC for influenza
Oseltamivir
Paramyxovirus that has both hemagglutinin and neuramidase
Mumps
Parainfluenza
Paramyxovirus that has no hemagglutinin and neuramidase
RSV
Envelope spikes that enhances access to respiratory tract
Neuraminidase
Multinucleated giant cells in measles are called
Warthin- Finkeldey bodies
Cardinal manifestations of measles
Cough
Coryza
Conjunctivitis
Koplik spots
Complication of measles (CNS)
SSPE
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis or Damson disease
This can be given to measles to reduce severity
Vitamin A
Incubation period of measles
10-14 days
Incubation period of mumps
18-21 days
Spectrum of disease in mumps virus
As big as POM poms
Parotitis
Orchitis
Meningitis
Envelope spikes in RSV are called
Fusion proteins
Laryngotracheobronchitis
Sing to the tune of Wannabe
Steeple sign on xray Parainfluenza virus Subglottic stenosis Give racemic epinephrine Inspiratory stridor cough and hoarseness
Herpes simplex virus (HSV)
Sing to the tune of High School Musical
High school Vusical
Acyclovir’s the drug of choice
Transvaginal and sexual saliva or direct
High School Vesicles
Trigeminal, lumbosacral
Multinucleated giants cells, Tzanck smear
Cowdry type A bodieesssss
Most important cause of pneumonia and bronchiolitis in infants
RSV
Treatment for RSV
RBV 😉
Ribavirin
Intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies found in rabies infection
Negri bodies
Diagnostic for rabies
Occurrence of rabies antibodies in the CSF
Fluorescent antibody test
Optimal sample for definitive post mortem diagnosis
Brain
Post exposure prophylaxis for category 2 rabies infection
Vaccine only
Post exposure prophylaxis for category 3 rabies infection
Vaccine and immunoglobulin
Nibbling
Minor scratches without bleeding
What category of rabies infection?
Category II
Single or multiple transdermal bites
Contamination of mucous membranes
Exposure to bat bites
What category of rabies infection?
Category III
Reservoir of coronavirus
Horseshoe bat
Intermediate host of coronavirus
Civet cat
Incubation period of SARS
2-10 days
Positive sense enveloped RNA virus
Kapatid ni Calici na nakadamit si Flavi
Ggraduate na si Flavi kaya positive vibes. Nag aantay na ang kanyang toga at corona na ibibigay ng kanyang ama na si Retro
Flavivirus
Coronavirus
Togavirus
Retrovirus
Influenza like syndrome with maculopapular rash and severe pain in muscles and joints in Dengue virus
Breakbone fever
Included in flavivirus family
Flavi ay reyna ng West Nile, color scheme ay yellow with lots of Vitamin C para sa lamok
West nile
Yellow fever
Hepatitis C
Dengue
Most prevalent blood borne pathogen
Hepatitis C
Hepatitis type common in IV drug users
Hepatits C
Most common indication for liver transplant is due to infection with
Hepatitis C
Autoimmune blisters upon exposure to sunlight during Hepatitis C infection
Porphyria Cutanea Tarda
Hepatitis C is also the main cause of this disease
Essential mixed cryoglobulinemia
Treatment of ACUTE hepatitis C
Interferon
Treatment of CHRONIC hepatitis C
Ribavirin
Peg interferon
Member of togaviridae
Rubella
Associated abnormalities in congenital rubella syndrome
5 Bs
Bulag (cataract) Bingi (sensorineural deafness) Bobo (mental retardation) Butas puso (PDA) Blueberry muffin baby
Attachment protein of HIV that attaches to the CD4 receptor
gp120
Major capsid protein of HIV
p24
Directs entry of DNA provirus into the nucleus and is essential for virus assembly
p17
Fusion protein of HIV
gp41
Group specific antigen used as serologic marker for infection of HIV
p24
Gene in proviral genome of HIV that contains the matrix and nucleocapsid
Gag (house)
Gene in proviral genome of HIV that contains enzymes
Swimming (pol)
This enzyme transcribes RNA into DNA
Reverse transcriptase
This protein found in pol cleaves precursor polypeptides
Protease
This protein integrates viral DNA into host cell DNA
Integrase
This gene has gp120 and gp41
env
Envelope glycoproteins
gp 120 (attachment) gp41 (fusion)
Most immunogenic region of gp120
V3 loop
Gene for transport of late mRNA to cytoplasm
rev
Toyota revo
Gene for activation of transcription of viral genes
Tat
P jiroveci infection occurs when CD4 count is less than
200
Kaposi sarcoma occurs in CD4 counts less than
500
M. avium and CMV retinitis occurs in CD4 count less than
50
Histoplasmosis happens during CD4 count of less than
50
Toxoplasmosis happens in CD4 counts of
Less than 200
Viral infection that can have thalamic infarcts on CT scan
Japanese B encephalitis
