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Micro > Viruses > Flashcards

Viruses Flashcards

1
Q

Protein coat in viruses are called

A

Capsid

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2
Q

All ________ viruses are enveloped

A

Helical

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3
Q

_______ viruses can be enveloped or naked

A

Icosahedral

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4
Q

Viral protein for attachment to host cell receptors

A

Surface proteins

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5
Q

Viral protein for interaction between nucleocapsid and envelope

A

Matrix protein

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6
Q

Viral envelopes are lipid lembrsnes derived from?

A

The host cell

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7
Q

Process where the viral envelope is acquired as the virus exits from the cell

A

Budding

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8
Q

All enveloped viruses acquire their envelope from plasma membrane except

A

Herpes virus

Nuclear membrane

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9
Q

Naked viruses

Naked CPR and PAPP smear

A

Calici
Picorna
Reo

Parvo
Adeno
Papilloma
Polyoma

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10
Q

The interstital space between the nucleocapsid and the envelope is called

A

Tegument (matrix)

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11
Q

All viruses are haploid except for

A

Retroviruses

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12
Q

RNA viruses that have segmented genome

BOAR

A

Bunya
Orthomyxo
Arena
Reo

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13
Q

Negative strand RNA viruses must transcribe negative strand to positive through

A

RNA dependent polymerase

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14
Q

Negative strand RNA virus

Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication

A 
Arena
Bunya
Paramyxo
Ortho
Filo
Rhabdo
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15
Q

Example of paramyxovirus

A

Parainfluenza
RSV
measles
Mumps

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16
Q

Example of orthomyxovirus

A

Influenza

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17
Q

Example of filovirus

A

Ebola

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18
Q

Example of Reovirus

A

Rotavirus

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19
Q

Examples of Picornavirus

A

Polio
Coxsackie
Rhino
Hepatitis A

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20
Q

Example of Calicivirus

A

Norwalk

Hepatitis E

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21
Q

Characteristics of viral genetics that causes epidemics

A

Genomic reassortment

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22
Q

Outcome of viral infection:

Causes visual or functional change in infected cells

A

Cytopathic effect

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23
Q

Infected cells that appear normal but are producing large numbers of progeny virus

A

Commensal symbiosis

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24
Q

Virulence factor that reduce the expression of antigen presenting crlls and inactivate complement

A

Virokines

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25
Q

The gold standard in viral diagnosis

A

Presence of viral DNA or RNA

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26
Q

First vaccine to prevent a human cancer

A

HBV

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27
Q

Most common sites of viral infection and disease

A

Oropharynx and respiratory tract

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28
Q

DNA viruses

HHAPPPPy viruses

A 
Hepadna
Herpes
Adeno
Pox
Parvo
Polyoma
Papilloma
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29
Q

All DNA viruses have double stranded DNA except

A

Parvovirus

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30
Q

All DNA viruses have linear DNA except

A

Papilloma
Polyoma
Hepadna

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31
Q

All DNA virus are icosahedral except

A

Poxvirus (brick shaped)

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32
Q

All DNA virus replicate in the nucleus except

A

Poxvirus

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33
Q

Naked DNA viruses

A

Human papilloma
Parvo
Adeno

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34
Q

Slapped cheek
Fever
Coryza
Sore throat

Disease and causative agent?

A

Erythema infectiosum

Parvovirus B19

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35
Q

Can cause aplastic crisis

Hydrops fetalis
Arthritis
Pancytopenia in immunodeficient patients

A

Parvovirus B19

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36
Q

The only virus with fiber

A

Adenovirus

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37
Q

Adenovirus’ fiber is called

A

Penton fiber

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38
Q

Conjunctivitis
Bronchitis
AGE
Hemorrhagic cystitis

Has Cowdry type B intranuclear inclusions

A

Adenovirus

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39
Q

Infects squamous cells and induce formation of cytoplasmic vacuoles

Transmission by direct contact or sexual

A

HPV

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40
Q

HPV genes E6 and E7 can cause inactivation of which tumor suppressor genes

A

E6- p53

E7- Rb

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41
Q

Most common viral STI

A

HPV 6 and 11

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42
Q

HPV 16 and 18 can cause carcinoma of?

A

Cervix
Penis
Anus

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43
Q

This virus can cause progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in patients with AIDS

A

JC Polyoma virus

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44
Q

This virus can cause hemorrhagic cystitis and nephropathy in solid organ and bone marrow transplantation

A

BK Polyoma virus

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45
Q

Virus that causes Kaposi sarcoma

A

HHV-8

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46
Q

Pathogenesis is a vesicle filled with virus particles and cell debris

A

HSV

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47
Q

Site of latency inHSV 1 infections

A

Trigeminal ganglia

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48
Q

Site of latency in HSV2 infections

A

Lumbosacral ganglia

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49
Q

HSV intranuclear inclusions are called

A

Cowdry Type A

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50
Q

Diagnosis of HSV can be through recognizing this type of cell

A

Multinucleated giant cells on Tzanck smear

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51
Q

What test is done to detect HSV

A

Tzanck smear

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52
Q

Drug of choice for HSV infection

A

Acyclovir

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53
Q

Incubation period of Varicelld

A

14-21 days

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54
Q

Dewdrop on a rose petal appearance

A

Varicella

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55
Q

Complication of varicella

A

Reye syndrome

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56
Q

Varicella spectrum where there is involvement of geniculate ganglion which causes facial nerve paralysis

A

Ramsay Hunt syndrome

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57
Q

Cytomegalovirus is cultured in

A

Shell tubes

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58
Q

CMV has _____ heterophil test

Negative or Positive?

A

Negativeg

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59
Q

Also called herpes zoster oticus

A

Ramsay hunt syndrome

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60
Q

Histology of owl’s eye nuclear inclusions is seen in this viral infection

A

CMV

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61
Q

Most common infectious cause of congenital abnormalities

A

CMV

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62
Q

Viral infection that can manifest ss microcephaly, seizures, deafness, jaundice and purpura

Especially when mother is infected in the 1st trimester

A

CMV

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63
Q

CMV can cause birth defects especially when mother is infected in what trimester?

A

1st trimester

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64
Q

Cam manifest as blueberry muffin purpura

A

CMV
Rubella
Disseminated neuroblastoma

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65
Q

Most common cause of blindness in immunocompromised patients

A

CMV retinitis

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66
Q

DOC for CMV

A

Gancyclovir

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67
Q

Transmission of EBV is through

A

Saliva

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68
Q

Infectious mononucleosis primarily affects this type of cell

A

B lymphocytes

69
Q

Rare complication of EBV

A

Splenic rupture

70
Q

EBV can cause this infection in the oral cavity in immunocompromised patients

A

Oral hairy leukoplakia

71
Q

Oncogenicity of EBV can cause what types of cancer

A

Burkitt lymphoma- african

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma-chinese

72
Q

Malignancy of the vascular endothelial cells with dark purple skin lesions and no definitive treatment

A

Kaposi sarcoma

73
Q

Molluscum contagiosum belongs to what family of viruses?

A

Poxviridae

74
Q

Histology: eosinophilic inclusions that can be seen in smallpox

A

Guarnieri bodies

75
Q

Pinkish papular lesions with an UMBILICATED center transmitted by direct contact

A

Molluscum Contagiosum

76
Q

This intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusions can be seen in Molluscum contagiosium

A

Henderson Peterson bodies

77
Q

Treatment for molluscum contagiosum

A

Cifodovir

78
Q

Only DNA virus that produced DNA by reverse transcription with mRNA as template

A

Hepa B

79
Q

Cells that destroy infected hepatocytes in HBV

A

CD8 T cells

80
Q

This surface antigen in HBV precedes the onset of symptoms and elevation of liver enzymes

A

HBsAg

81
Q

Most specific marker for diagnosis of acute HBV infection

A

IgM anti HBcAg

Present during window period

82
Q

Incubation period of HBV

A

10-12 weeks

83
Q

Condition Associated with autoimmune vasculitides

A

Polyarteritis nodosa

84
Q

Treatment for HBV

A and B

A

Interferon a

BLamivudine- lamivudine

85
Q

Reverse transcriptase funtions as a

A

RNA dependent DNA polymerase

mRNA as template

86
Q

All RNA viruses have single stranded DNA except

A

Reo

Rota

87
Q

All RNA virus replicate in the cytoplasm except

A

Influenza and Retro

88
Q

Viruses belonging to Picornaviridae family

Pico CHERPed after eating corn

A 
Coxsackie
Hepa A
Echovirus
Rhinovirus
Poliovirus
89
Q

Naked RNA viruses (Khaleesi)

A 
Picornavirus
Calicivirus
Astrovirus
Reo
Rota

Napikon (picorn) si Calici kaya tinawag niya si ASTROboy para patumbahin ang twins na si Reo and Rota

90
Q

Transmission of poliovirus

A

Oral-fecal

91
Q

Poliovirus replicates in

A

Motor neurons of ANTERIOR HORN of spinal cord

92
Q

Most common clinical form of Poliovirus infection

A

Abortive Poliomyelitis

93
Q

Most debilitating form of poliovirus infection

A

Paralytic poliomyelitis

94
Q

Poliovirus intranuclear inclusion bodies are called

A

Cowdry type B

95
Q

Most common cause of Aseptic meningitis

A

Coxsackie virus

96
Q

Most common viral cause of myocarditis and pericarditis

A

Coxsackie virus

97
Q

Cause of herpangina and hand foot and mouth disease

A

Coxsackie virus

98
Q

Previously called orphan virus

A

Echovirus

Enteric Cytopathic Human Orphan

99
Q

Cause of common colds

A

Rhinovirus

Rhino has a runny nose

100
Q

Acid labile virus transmitted by droplets and has more than 100 serotypes

A

Rhinovirus

101
Q

Most common cause of nonbacterial diarrhea in adults

A

Norwalk virus

102
Q

Viral infection that can cause sudden onset of vomiting, diarrhea with fever and abdominal pain

A

Norwalk virus

103
Q

Most common viral cause of childhood diarrhea

A

Rotavirus

Right out the anus

104
Q

Negative sense enveloped RNA virus

A

Hindi (negative) maayos ang FILes ni Rhabdo nag MYX MYX na kaya nilagay niya sa envelope

Filoviridae
Rhabdoviridae
Paramyxovirus
Orthomyxovirus

105
Q

Major antigens of influenza virus

A

Hemagglutinin

Neuramidase

106
Q

Target of neutralizing antibody in influenza virus

A

Hemagglutinin

107
Q

Animal viruses cause epidemics among humans due to

A

Antigenic shift

108
Q

Influenza B is only a human virus that undergoes antigenic ____

A

Antigenic drift

109
Q

Antigenic shifts can cause ______ and antigenic drifts can cause _______

A

Pandemic

Epidemic

110
Q

DOC for influenza

A

Oseltamivir

111
Q

Paramyxovirus that has both hemagglutinin and neuramidase

A

Mumps

Parainfluenza

112
Q

Paramyxovirus that has no hemagglutinin and neuramidase

A

RSV

113
Q

Envelope spikes that enhances access to respiratory tract

A

Neuraminidase

114
Q

Multinucleated giant cells in measles are called

A

Warthin- Finkeldey bodies

115
Q

Cardinal manifestations of measles

A

Cough
Coryza
Conjunctivitis
Koplik spots

116
Q

Complication of measles (CNS)

A

SSPE

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis or Damson disease

117
Q

This can be given to measles to reduce severity

A

Vitamin A

118
Q

Incubation period of measles

A

10-14 days

119
Q

Incubation period of mumps

A

18-21 days

120
Q

Spectrum of disease in mumps virus

A

As big as POM poms

Parotitis
Orchitis
Meningitis

121
Q

Envelope spikes in RSV are called

A

Fusion proteins

122
Q

Laryngotracheobronchitis

Sing to the tune of Wannabe

A 
Steeple sign on xray
Parainfluenza virus
Subglottic stenosis
Give racemic epinephrine
Inspiratory stridor cough and hoarseness
123
Q

Herpes simplex virus (HSV)

Sing to the tune of High School Musical

A

High school Vusical
Acyclovir’s the drug of choice
Transvaginal and sexual saliva or direct

High School Vesicles
Trigeminal, lumbosacral
Multinucleated giants cells, Tzanck smear
Cowdry type A bodieesssss

124
Q

Most important cause of pneumonia and bronchiolitis in infants

A

RSV

125
Q

Treatment for RSV

A

RBV 😉

Ribavirin

126
Q

Intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies found in rabies infection

A

Negri bodies

127
Q

Diagnostic for rabies

A

Occurrence of rabies antibodies in the CSF

Fluorescent antibody test

128
Q

Optimal sample for definitive post mortem diagnosis

A

Brain

129
Q

Post exposure prophylaxis for category 2 rabies infection

A

Vaccine only

130
Q

Post exposure prophylaxis for category 3 rabies infection

A

Vaccine and immunoglobulin

131
Q

Nibbling
Minor scratches without bleeding

What category of rabies infection?

A

Category II

132
Q

Single or multiple transdermal bites
Contamination of mucous membranes
Exposure to bat bites

What category of rabies infection?

A

Category III

133
Q

Reservoir of coronavirus

A

Horseshoe bat

134
Q

Intermediate host of coronavirus

A

Civet cat

135
Q

Incubation period of SARS

A

2-10 days

136
Q

Positive sense enveloped RNA virus

Kapatid ni Calici na nakadamit si Flavi

A

Ggraduate na si Flavi kaya positive vibes. Nag aantay na ang kanyang toga at corona na ibibigay ng kanyang ama na si Retro

Flavivirus
Coronavirus
Togavirus
Retrovirus

137
Q

Influenza like syndrome with maculopapular rash and severe pain in muscles and joints in Dengue virus

A

Breakbone fever

138
Q

Included in flavivirus family

A

Flavi ay reyna ng West Nile, color scheme ay yellow with lots of Vitamin C para sa lamok

West nile
Yellow fever
Hepatitis C
Dengue

139
Q

Most prevalent blood borne pathogen

A

Hepatitis C

140
Q

Hepatitis type common in IV drug users

A

Hepatits C

141
Q

Most common indication for liver transplant is due to infection with

A

Hepatitis C

142
Q

Autoimmune blisters upon exposure to sunlight during Hepatitis C infection

A

Porphyria Cutanea Tarda

143
Q

Hepatitis C is also the main cause of this disease

A

Essential mixed cryoglobulinemia

144
Q

Treatment of ACUTE hepatitis C

A

Interferon

145
Q

Treatment of CHRONIC hepatitis C

A

Ribavirin

Peg interferon

146
Q

Member of togaviridae

A

Rubella

147
Q

Associated abnormalities in congenital rubella syndrome

5 Bs

A 
Bulag (cataract)
Bingi (sensorineural deafness)
Bobo (mental retardation)
Butas puso (PDA)
Blueberry muffin baby
148
Q

Attachment protein of HIV that attaches to the CD4 receptor

A

gp120

149
Q

Major capsid protein of HIV

A

p24

150
Q

Directs entry of DNA provirus into the nucleus and is essential for virus assembly

A

p17

151
Q

Fusion protein of HIV

A

gp41

152
Q

Group specific antigen used as serologic marker for infection of HIV

A

p24

153
Q

Gene in proviral genome of HIV that contains the matrix and nucleocapsid

A

Gag (house)

154
Q

Gene in proviral genome of HIV that contains enzymes

A

Swimming (pol)

155
Q

This enzyme transcribes RNA into DNA

A

Reverse transcriptase

156
Q

This protein found in pol cleaves precursor polypeptides

A

Protease

157
Q

This protein integrates viral DNA into host cell DNA

A

Integrase

158
Q

This gene has gp120 and gp41

A

env

159
Q

Envelope glycoproteins

A 
gp 120 (attachment)
gp41 (fusion)
160
Q

Most immunogenic region of gp120

A

V3 loop

161
Q

Gene for transport of late mRNA to cytoplasm

A

rev

Toyota revo

162
Q

Gene for activation of transcription of viral genes

A

Tat

163
Q

P jiroveci infection occurs when CD4 count is less than

A

200

164
Q

Kaposi sarcoma occurs in CD4 counts less than

A

500

165
Q

M. avium and CMV retinitis occurs in CD4 count less than

A

50

166
Q

Histoplasmosis happens during CD4 count of less than

A

50

167
Q

Toxoplasmosis happens in CD4 counts of

A

Less than 200

168
Q

Viral infection that can have thalamic infarcts on CT scan

A

Japanese B encephalitis

Micro (6 decks)

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