Parasitology Flashcards
1
Q
Type of parasite that passes through the digestive tract while infecting the host
A
Spurious parasite
2
Q
Type of host where the parasite does not develop into further stages
A
Paratenic host
Example: trichinella
3
Q
Type of host that harbors the asexual/ larval stage
A
Intermediate host
4
Q
Eukaryote that lack membrane bound organelles
A
Entamoeba histolytica
5
Q
Infective and diagnostic of E. hystolytica
A
Mature cyst
Trophozoite in wet stool
Mature cyst in formed stool
6
Q
Virulence factor of E histolytica for cytopathic effect
A
Cysteine proteases
7
Q
Amoebic colitis cause ______shaped ulcers
A
Flask shaped
8
Q
Most common extraintestinal form of E histolytica infection
A
Amebic liver abscess
9
Q
Characteristic of amebic liver abscess
A
Anchovy sauce like aspirate
10
Q
Treatment for E histolytica
A
Metronidazole
Asymptomatic- diloxanide furoate
11
Q
Also known as backpacker’s diarrhea
A
Giardia lamblia
12
Q
Giardia lamblia lives in
A
Duodenum
Jejunum
Upper ileum
13
Q
Giardia lamblia has a __________ motility
A
Falling leaf motility
14
Q
Infective and diagnostic stage for giardia lamblia
A
Cyst
Cyst and trophozoite
15
Q
Transmission of giardia lamblia
A
Feco oral route
16
Q
Pathogenesis include villous flattening, crypt hypertrophy and disruption of cytoskeleton
A
Giardia lamblia
17
Q
Symptoms include abdominal pain, excessive flatus, rotten egg smell
Steatorrhea for chronic infections
A
Giardia lamblia
18
Q
Falling leaf motility
A
Giardia lamblia
19
Q
Treatment for giardiasis
A
Metronidazole
20
Q
Metronidazole as treatment for this parasites
A
E. histolytica
G. lamblia
T. vaginalis
21
Q
Infective and diagnostic stage of cryptosporidium parvum
A
Thick walled oocysts both
22
Q
Symptom of cryptosporidium parvum
A
Nonbloody diarrhea
23
Q
Cryptosporidium parvum infections happens in HIV patients whose CD4 count is less than
A
200
24
Q
Treatment for cryptosporidium infection
A
Nitazoxanide
25
Parasite that exists only as a trophozoite
Trichomonas vaginalis
26
Watery foul smelling greenish vaginal discharge with strawberry cervix
Trichomonas vaginalis
27
Treatment for trichomonas infection
Metronidazole
28
Strawberry cervix
Trichomoniasis
29
Strawberry tongue
TSS, scarlet fever, kawasaki
30
Mulberry molars
Congenital syphilis
31
Blueberry muffin
Congenital rubella, CMV
32
Cherry red epiglottis
Epiglottitis
33
Banana shaped gametocytes
P. falciparum
34
Sexual life cycle of plasmodium
Sporogony
35
Infective and diagnostic stage of plasmodium
Sporozoites
Trophozoites
36
Population that is immune to malaria
G6PD
| Sickle cell anemia
37
Malaria infected by what specie causes cerebral malaria
P falciparum
38
Recurrence of symptoms after 2-4 weeks is seen in what malarial species
Falciparum
| Malariae
39
Can cause relapse in malaria
Vivax
| Ovale
40
Diagnosis for malaria
Giemsa stain
41
Hemolytic anemia
Celebral malaria
Acute renal malaria ( black water fever)
Septic shock
Malaria
42
Treatment of falciparum and malariae malaria
Chloroquine
43
Treatment for vivax and ovale malaria
Chloroquine + Primaquine
44
Agent for treatment and prophylaxis of chloroquine resistant falciparum malaria
Doxycycline
45
Malaria: drug that kills schizonts in the liver and gametocytes in blood
Primaquine
46
Definitive host of toxoplasma gondii
Domestic cat
47
Transmission of toxoplasma
Ingestion of cysts in raw meat/ contaminated food
48
Infective and diagnostic stage of toxoplasmosis
Oocysts
| Trophozoite
49
Diagnostic test for toxoplasma
IgM antibody
50
Important for tissue diagnosis of toxoplasmosis
Presence of bradyzoites
51
Congenital toxoplasmosis can cause abortion, stillbirth, chorioretinitis and intracranial _______
Calcifications
52
______ can be seen in encephalitis caused by toxoplasmosis
Ring enhancing lesions
53
Treatment for toxoplasmosis
Sulfadiazine plus pyrimethamine
54
Transmission of Chagas disease
Bite of reduviid bug
55
Infective stage and diagnostic stage of trypanosoma cruzi
Metacyclic trypomastigotes
| Trypomastigote
56
Chagas disease is caused by
Trypanosoma cruzi
57
Frequent site of trypanosoma cruzi infection
Myocardial
Glial
Reticuloendothelial cells
58
Most commonly and severely affected tissue in Chagas disease
Cardiac muscle
59
Diagnostic test for chagas disease
Muscle biopsy
Stained BMA
Culture
Xenodiagnosis
60
Periorbital edema in Chagas disease is called
Romaña's sign
61
Nodule near bite in Chagas disease is called
Chagoma
62
Myocarditis
| Megacolon, mega esophagus and achalasia is seen in
Chronic Chagas disease
63
Fever ,LAD, hepatosplenomegaly, chagoma and Romaña's sign is seen in
Acute Chagas' disease
64
Treatment for Chagas disease
Nifurtimox
Tom cruise wearing a fur coat
65
Mode of action for nifurtimox
Inhibits trypanothione reductase
66
Trypanosoma brucei has only 2 forms:
Epimastigote and trypomastigote
67
Transmission of trypanosoma brucei
Tsetse fly
68
Infective stage for African sleeping sickness
Metacyclic trypomastigotes
69
```
Indurated skin ulcer
Intermittent weekly fever
Enlargement of posterior cervical lymph node
Excessive somnolence
Hyperesthesia
```
African sleeping sickness
70
Enlargment of posterior cervical lymph node in trypanosoma brucei infection is called
Winterbottom's sign
71
Plasma cells with intracytoplasmic inclusions bodies in African sleeping sickness is called
Mott cells
72
Treatment for African sleeping sickness
Suramin
Melarsoprol
MELAtonin will SURely help you sleep
73
Amoeba acquired while swimming in contaminated pools
Naegleria fowleri
74
Only ciliated protozoa to cause human disease
Balantidum coli
75
Balantidial dysentery causes this characteristic ulcer
Round based wide necked
76
Transmitted by the bite of Ixodes tick and trophozoites in tetrads form a Maltese cross
Babesia microti
77
Transmitted by sandfly
Leishmania spp
78
Infective stage of leishmaniasis
Promastigote
79
Treated with albendazole
CAPHAlbendazole
Capillaria
Hookworm
Ascariasis
80
Drug used in the treatment of nematodes that is both ovicidal and larvicidal
Albendazole
81
Most common and largest nematode
Ascaris lumbricoides
82
Transmission of ascaris
Ingestion of eggs
83
Infective and diagnostic stage of ascariasis
Embryonated egg
| Unembryonated egg
84
Major damage of ascaris occurs during its
Larval migration
85
Principal site of tissue reaction in ascariasis
Lungs
86
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis in ascaris infection is called
Loeffler's syndrome
87
Treatment for ascariasis
Albendazole
88
Transmission of hookworms
Larvae penetration in skin
89
Infective and diagnostic stage of hookworms
Filariform larvae
| Eggs in feces
90
Spectrum of disease in necator and ancylostoma infections
Ground itch
Cutaneous larva migrans
Mild GIT symptoms
Microcytic anemia
91
Treatment for hookworms
Albendazole
92
Also called whipworm
Trichuris trichiura
93
Mode of transmission of trichuris trichiura
Ingestion of eggs
94
Infective and diagnostic stage of whipworms
Embryonated
Unembryonated eggs
Football shaped
95
Unholy Trinity of GIT
Strongyloides
Whipworm
Hookworm
96
Kato-katz: barrel shaped eggs with bipolar plugs
Trichuris trichiura
97
Can cause rectal prolapse
Trichuris trichiura
98
Treatment for whipworms
Mebendazole
99
Also called pinworm
Enterobius vermicularis
100
Life cycle of this parasite is only confined to humans
Enterobiud vermicularis
101
Most common soil transmitted helminth in developed countries
Enterobius vermicularis
102
Diagnosis of pinworms
Scotch tape test
103
Can cause pruritus ani
Enterobius vermicularis
104
Treatment of pinworm infection
Pyrantel pamoate
105
Facultative parasite
Strongyloides stercoralis
106
Infective and diagnostic stage of strongyloides stercoralis
Filiriform larvae
| Rhabditiform larvae
107
Diagnostic test for strongyloides
Harada-Mori culture
108
```
Ground itch
Mild watery diarrhea
Larva currens
Duodenitis
Paradoxical asthma
```
Strongyloides stercoralis
109
Treatment of strongyloides
Ivermectin
110
Only nematode whose life cycle involves a migratory bird
Capillaria philippinensis
111
Kato katz smear:
| Peanut shaped eggs with flattened bipolar plugs
Capillaria philippinensis
112
```
From undercooked fish
Severe malabsorption
Borborygmus
Chronic watery diarrhea
Protein losing enteropathy
```
Capillaria philippinensis
113
Treatment of capillaria
Albendazole
114
Most debilitating nematode infection
Wuchereria and Brugia
115
Transmission of wuchereria
Culex aedes anopheles mosquitoes
116
Farmer from abaca plantation infection
Wuchereria and Brugia
117
Infective and diagnostic stage of wuchereria and brugia
3rd stage larva
| Microfilariae
118
```
Kinky appearance
With terminal nuclei
SEA only
Mansonia vector
Limb lymphatics
Elephantiasis
```
Brugia malayi
119
Brugia malayi vector
Mansonia mosquito
120
Parasite with preference to scrotal lymphatics
Wuchereria bancrofti
121
Specimen collection of wuchereria and brugia best done at night due to their
Nocturnal periodicity
122
Malayan filiariasis is found in these provinces
Eastern samar
Agusan del sur, palawan, sulu
123
Bancroftian filaria is found in these provinces
Sorsogon samar leyte palawan
124
Treatment for elephantiasis
DEC
| Diethylcarbamazine
125
Intermediate host of trichinella
| Spiralis
Pigs
126
Infective and diagnostic stage of trichinells spiralis
Encysted larvae
127
Diagnostic test for trichinella
Muscle biopsy
128
Periorbital edema
Respiratory myositis
Hemorrhagic phenomena
Trichinella spiralis
129
Treatment for trichinella
Thiabendazole
130
Mazzotti reaction after giving Ivermectin is due to infection with?
Onchocerca volvulus
131
```
Transmitted by female blackfly
Dermal nodules
Hanging groin
Lizard skin
River blindness
```
Onchocerca volvulus
132
Trematodes (SPC)
Schistosoma
Paragonimus
Clonorchis
133
Trematodes treatment
Praziquantel
134
Snail and crab trematode
P westermanii
135
Snail and fish trematode
Clonorchis sinensis
136
Snail only trematode
Schistosomiasis
137
Intermediate host of schistosoma japonicum
Onchomelania quadrasi
138
Infective and diagnostic stage of schistosomiasis
Cercariae
| Eggs in feces
139
Diagnostic test for schistosoma
Kato katz
| Circumoval precipiton test
140
Presence of eggs in this parasite can cause liver granuloma
Schostosoma japonicum
141
Swimmers itch
Katayama fever
Chronic liver disease
Schistosomiasis
142
Areas of endemicity
| Sorsogon samar leyte all of mindanao except misamis oriental
Schistosomiasis
143
Schistosomiasis is endemic in Mindanao except in
Misamis oriental
144
Treatment for schistosomiasis
Praziquantel
145
Lung fluke
Paragonimus westermani
146
Infective and diagnostic stage of paragonimus westermani
Metacercariae
| Unembryonated egg
147
Diagnosis of paragonimus westermani
3% NaOH
148
Treatment for paragonimus
Praziquantel
149
Asian liver flukes
Clonorchis sinensis
150
Infective and diagnostic stage of clonorchis
Metacercariae
| Embryonated egg
151
Diagnostic test for clonorchis
Direct fecal smear
| Potassium permanganate stain
152
Hepatobiliary disease
| Cholangiocarcinoma
Clonorchis sinensis
153
Treatment of asian liver flukes
Praziquantel
154
All cestodes have praziquantel as treatment except
Echinococcus granulosus- albendazole
155
Taenia specie that can cause pruritus ani and intestinal obstruction
Taenis saginata
156
Small eggs can cross BBB
| Neurocysticercosis
Taenia solium
157
D latum can cause megaloblastic anemia due to lack of
Vitamin B12
158
Bedbugs
Cimex lectularius
