Parasitology Flashcards
Type of parasite that passes through the digestive tract while infecting the host
Spurious parasite
Type of host where the parasite does not develop into further stages
Paratenic host
Example: trichinella
Type of host that harbors the asexual/ larval stage
Intermediate host
Eukaryote that lack membrane bound organelles
Entamoeba histolytica
Infective and diagnostic of E. hystolytica
Mature cyst
Trophozoite in wet stool
Mature cyst in formed stool
Virulence factor of E histolytica for cytopathic effect
Cysteine proteases
Amoebic colitis cause ______shaped ulcers
Flask shaped
Most common extraintestinal form of E histolytica infection
Amebic liver abscess
Characteristic of amebic liver abscess
Anchovy sauce like aspirate
Treatment for E histolytica
Metronidazole
Asymptomatic- diloxanide furoate
Also known as backpacker’s diarrhea
Giardia lamblia
Giardia lamblia lives in
Duodenum
Jejunum
Upper ileum
Giardia lamblia has a __________ motility
Falling leaf motility
Infective and diagnostic stage for giardia lamblia
Cyst
Cyst and trophozoite
Transmission of giardia lamblia
Feco oral route
Pathogenesis include villous flattening, crypt hypertrophy and disruption of cytoskeleton
Giardia lamblia
Symptoms include abdominal pain, excessive flatus, rotten egg smell
Steatorrhea for chronic infections
Giardia lamblia
Falling leaf motility
Giardia lamblia
Treatment for giardiasis
Metronidazole
Metronidazole as treatment for this parasites
E. histolytica
G. lamblia
T. vaginalis
Infective and diagnostic stage of cryptosporidium parvum
Thick walled oocysts both
Symptom of cryptosporidium parvum
Nonbloody diarrhea
Cryptosporidium parvum infections happens in HIV patients whose CD4 count is less than
200
Treatment for cryptosporidium infection
Nitazoxanide
Parasite that exists only as a trophozoite
Trichomonas vaginalis
Watery foul smelling greenish vaginal discharge with strawberry cervix
Trichomonas vaginalis
Treatment for trichomonas infection
Metronidazole
Strawberry cervix
Trichomoniasis
Strawberry tongue
TSS, scarlet fever, kawasaki
Mulberry molars
Congenital syphilis
Blueberry muffin
Congenital rubella, CMV
Cherry red epiglottis
Epiglottitis
Banana shaped gametocytes
P. falciparum
Sexual life cycle of plasmodium
Sporogony
Infective and diagnostic stage of plasmodium
Sporozoites
Trophozoites
Population that is immune to malaria
G6PD
Sickle cell anemia
Malaria infected by what specie causes cerebral malaria
P falciparum
Recurrence of symptoms after 2-4 weeks is seen in what malarial species
Falciparum
Malariae
Can cause relapse in malaria
Vivax
Ovale
Diagnosis for malaria
Giemsa stain
Hemolytic anemia
Celebral malaria
Acute renal malaria ( black water fever)
Septic shock
Malaria
Treatment of falciparum and malariae malaria
Chloroquine
Treatment for vivax and ovale malaria
Chloroquine + Primaquine
Agent for treatment and prophylaxis of chloroquine resistant falciparum malaria
Doxycycline
Malaria: drug that kills schizonts in the liver and gametocytes in blood
Primaquine
Definitive host of toxoplasma gondii
Domestic cat
Transmission of toxoplasma
Ingestion of cysts in raw meat/ contaminated food
Infective and diagnostic stage of toxoplasmosis
Oocysts
Trophozoite
Diagnostic test for toxoplasma
IgM antibody
Important for tissue diagnosis of toxoplasmosis
Presence of bradyzoites
Congenital toxoplasmosis can cause abortion, stillbirth, chorioretinitis and intracranial _______
Calcifications
______ can be seen in encephalitis caused by toxoplasmosis
Ring enhancing lesions
Treatment for toxoplasmosis
Sulfadiazine plus pyrimethamine
Transmission of Chagas disease
Bite of reduviid bug
Infective stage and diagnostic stage of trypanosoma cruzi
Metacyclic trypomastigotes
Trypomastigote
Chagas disease is caused by
Trypanosoma cruzi
Frequent site of trypanosoma cruzi infection
Myocardial
Glial
Reticuloendothelial cells
Most commonly and severely affected tissue in Chagas disease
Cardiac muscle
Diagnostic test for chagas disease
Muscle biopsy
Stained BMA
Culture
Xenodiagnosis
Periorbital edema in Chagas disease is called
Romaña’s sign
Nodule near bite in Chagas disease is called
Chagoma
Myocarditis
Megacolon, mega esophagus and achalasia is seen in
Chronic Chagas disease
Fever ,LAD, hepatosplenomegaly, chagoma and Romaña’s sign is seen in
Acute Chagas’ disease
Treatment for Chagas disease
Nifurtimox
Tom cruise wearing a fur coat
Mode of action for nifurtimox
Inhibits trypanothione reductase
Trypanosoma brucei has only 2 forms:
Epimastigote and trypomastigote
Transmission of trypanosoma brucei
Tsetse fly
Infective stage for African sleeping sickness
Metacyclic trypomastigotes
Indurated skin ulcer Intermittent weekly fever Enlargement of posterior cervical lymph node Excessive somnolence Hyperesthesia
African sleeping sickness
Enlargment of posterior cervical lymph node in trypanosoma brucei infection is called
Winterbottom’s sign
Plasma cells with intracytoplasmic inclusions bodies in African sleeping sickness is called
Mott cells
Treatment for African sleeping sickness
Suramin
Melarsoprol
MELAtonin will SURely help you sleep
Amoeba acquired while swimming in contaminated pools
Naegleria fowleri
Only ciliated protozoa to cause human disease
Balantidum coli
Balantidial dysentery causes this characteristic ulcer
Round based wide necked
Transmitted by the bite of Ixodes tick and trophozoites in tetrads form a Maltese cross
Babesia microti
Transmitted by sandfly
Leishmania spp
Infective stage of leishmaniasis
Promastigote
Treated with albendazole
CAPHAlbendazole
Capillaria
Hookworm
Ascariasis
Drug used in the treatment of nematodes that is both ovicidal and larvicidal
Albendazole
Most common and largest nematode
Ascaris lumbricoides
Transmission of ascaris
Ingestion of eggs
Infective and diagnostic stage of ascariasis
Embryonated egg
Unembryonated egg
Major damage of ascaris occurs during its
Larval migration
Principal site of tissue reaction in ascariasis
Lungs
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis in ascaris infection is called
Loeffler’s syndrome
Treatment for ascariasis
Albendazole
Transmission of hookworms
Larvae penetration in skin
Infective and diagnostic stage of hookworms
Filariform larvae
Eggs in feces
Spectrum of disease in necator and ancylostoma infections
Ground itch
Cutaneous larva migrans
Mild GIT symptoms
Microcytic anemia
Treatment for hookworms
Albendazole
Also called whipworm
Trichuris trichiura
Mode of transmission of trichuris trichiura
Ingestion of eggs
Infective and diagnostic stage of whipworms
Embryonated
Unembryonated eggs
Football shaped
Unholy Trinity of GIT
Strongyloides
Whipworm
Hookworm
Kato-katz: barrel shaped eggs with bipolar plugs
Trichuris trichiura
Can cause rectal prolapse
Trichuris trichiura
Treatment for whipworms
Mebendazole
Also called pinworm
Enterobius vermicularis
Life cycle of this parasite is only confined to humans
Enterobiud vermicularis
Most common soil transmitted helminth in developed countries
Enterobius vermicularis
Diagnosis of pinworms
Scotch tape test
Can cause pruritus ani
Enterobius vermicularis
Treatment of pinworm infection
Pyrantel pamoate
Facultative parasite
Strongyloides stercoralis
Infective and diagnostic stage of strongyloides stercoralis
Filiriform larvae
Rhabditiform larvae
Diagnostic test for strongyloides
Harada-Mori culture
Ground itch Mild watery diarrhea Larva currens Duodenitis Paradoxical asthma
Strongyloides stercoralis
Treatment of strongyloides
Ivermectin
Only nematode whose life cycle involves a migratory bird
Capillaria philippinensis
Kato katz smear:
Peanut shaped eggs with flattened bipolar plugs
Capillaria philippinensis
From undercooked fish Severe malabsorption Borborygmus Chronic watery diarrhea Protein losing enteropathy
Capillaria philippinensis
Treatment of capillaria
Albendazole
Most debilitating nematode infection
Wuchereria and Brugia
Transmission of wuchereria
Culex aedes anopheles mosquitoes
Farmer from abaca plantation infection
Wuchereria and Brugia
Infective and diagnostic stage of wuchereria and brugia
3rd stage larva
Microfilariae
Kinky appearance With terminal nuclei SEA only Mansonia vector Limb lymphatics Elephantiasis
Brugia malayi
Brugia malayi vector
Mansonia mosquito
Parasite with preference to scrotal lymphatics
Wuchereria bancrofti
Specimen collection of wuchereria and brugia best done at night due to their
Nocturnal periodicity
Malayan filiariasis is found in these provinces
Eastern samar
Agusan del sur, palawan, sulu
Bancroftian filaria is found in these provinces
Sorsogon samar leyte palawan
Treatment for elephantiasis
DEC
Diethylcarbamazine
Intermediate host of trichinella
Spiralis
Pigs
Infective and diagnostic stage of trichinells spiralis
Encysted larvae
Diagnostic test for trichinella
Muscle biopsy
Periorbital edema
Respiratory myositis
Hemorrhagic phenomena
Trichinella spiralis
Treatment for trichinella
Thiabendazole
Mazzotti reaction after giving Ivermectin is due to infection with?
Onchocerca volvulus
Transmitted by female blackfly Dermal nodules Hanging groin Lizard skin River blindness
Onchocerca volvulus
Trematodes (SPC)
Schistosoma
Paragonimus
Clonorchis
Trematodes treatment
Praziquantel
Snail and crab trematode
P westermanii
Snail and fish trematode
Clonorchis sinensis
Snail only trematode
Schistosomiasis
Intermediate host of schistosoma japonicum
Onchomelania quadrasi
Infective and diagnostic stage of schistosomiasis
Cercariae
Eggs in feces
Diagnostic test for schistosoma
Kato katz
Circumoval precipiton test
Presence of eggs in this parasite can cause liver granuloma
Schostosoma japonicum
Swimmers itch
Katayama fever
Chronic liver disease
Schistosomiasis
Areas of endemicity
Sorsogon samar leyte all of mindanao except misamis oriental
Schistosomiasis
Schistosomiasis is endemic in Mindanao except in
Misamis oriental
Treatment for schistosomiasis
Praziquantel
Lung fluke
Paragonimus westermani
Infective and diagnostic stage of paragonimus westermani
Metacercariae
Unembryonated egg
Diagnosis of paragonimus westermani
3% NaOH
Treatment for paragonimus
Praziquantel
Asian liver flukes
Clonorchis sinensis
Infective and diagnostic stage of clonorchis
Metacercariae
Embryonated egg
Diagnostic test for clonorchis
Direct fecal smear
Potassium permanganate stain
Hepatobiliary disease
Cholangiocarcinoma
Clonorchis sinensis
Treatment of asian liver flukes
Praziquantel
All cestodes have praziquantel as treatment except
Echinococcus granulosus- albendazole
Taenia specie that can cause pruritus ani and intestinal obstruction
Taenis saginata
Small eggs can cross BBB
Neurocysticercosis
Taenia solium
D latum can cause megaloblastic anemia due to lack of
Vitamin B12
Bedbugs
Cimex lectularius
