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Micro > Parasitology > Flashcards

Parasitology Flashcards

1
Q

Type of parasite that passes through the digestive tract while infecting the host

A

Spurious parasite

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2
Q

Type of host where the parasite does not develop into further stages

A

Paratenic host

Example: trichinella

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3
Q

Type of host that harbors the asexual/ larval stage

A

Intermediate host

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4
Q

Eukaryote that lack membrane bound organelles

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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5
Q

Infective and diagnostic of E. hystolytica

A

Mature cyst

Trophozoite in wet stool
Mature cyst in formed stool

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6
Q

Virulence factor of E histolytica for cytopathic effect

A

Cysteine proteases

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7
Q

Amoebic colitis cause ______shaped ulcers

A

Flask shaped

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8
Q

Most common extraintestinal form of E histolytica infection

A

Amebic liver abscess

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9
Q

Characteristic of amebic liver abscess

A

Anchovy sauce like aspirate

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10
Q

Treatment for E histolytica

A

Metronidazole

Asymptomatic- diloxanide furoate

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11
Q

Also known as backpacker’s diarrhea

A

Giardia lamblia

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12
Q

Giardia lamblia lives in

A

Duodenum
Jejunum
Upper ileum

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13
Q

Giardia lamblia has a __________ motility

A

Falling leaf motility

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14
Q

Infective and diagnostic stage for giardia lamblia

A

Cyst

Cyst and trophozoite

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15
Q

Transmission of giardia lamblia

A

Feco oral route

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16
Q

Pathogenesis include villous flattening, crypt hypertrophy and disruption of cytoskeleton

A

Giardia lamblia

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17
Q

Symptoms include abdominal pain, excessive flatus, rotten egg smell

Steatorrhea for chronic infections

A

Giardia lamblia

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18
Q

Falling leaf motility

A

Giardia lamblia

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19
Q

Treatment for giardiasis

A

Metronidazole

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20
Q

Metronidazole as treatment for this parasites

A

E. histolytica
G. lamblia
T. vaginalis

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21
Q

Infective and diagnostic stage of cryptosporidium parvum

A

Thick walled oocysts both

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22
Q

Symptom of cryptosporidium parvum

A

Nonbloody diarrhea

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23
Q

Cryptosporidium parvum infections happens in HIV patients whose CD4 count is less than

A

200

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24
Q

Treatment for cryptosporidium infection

A

Nitazoxanide

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25
Q

Parasite that exists only as a trophozoite

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

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26
Q

Watery foul smelling greenish vaginal discharge with strawberry cervix

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

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27
Q

Treatment for trichomonas infection

A

Metronidazole

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28
Q

Strawberry cervix

A

Trichomoniasis

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29
Q

Strawberry tongue

A

TSS, scarlet fever, kawasaki

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30
Q

Mulberry molars

A

Congenital syphilis

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31
Q

Blueberry muffin

A

Congenital rubella, CMV

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32
Q

Cherry red epiglottis

A

Epiglottitis

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33
Q

Banana shaped gametocytes

A

P. falciparum

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34
Q

Sexual life cycle of plasmodium

A

Sporogony

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35
Q

Infective and diagnostic stage of plasmodium

A

Sporozoites

Trophozoites

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36
Q

Population that is immune to malaria

A

G6PD

Sickle cell anemia

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37
Q

Malaria infected by what specie causes cerebral malaria

A

P falciparum

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38
Q

Recurrence of symptoms after 2-4 weeks is seen in what malarial species

A

Falciparum

Malariae

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39
Q

Can cause relapse in malaria

A

Vivax

Ovale

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40
Q

Diagnosis for malaria

A

Giemsa stain

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41
Q

Hemolytic anemia
Celebral malaria
Acute renal malaria ( black water fever)
Septic shock

A

Malaria

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42
Q

Treatment of falciparum and malariae malaria

A

Chloroquine

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43
Q

Treatment for vivax and ovale malaria

A

Chloroquine + Primaquine

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44
Q

Agent for treatment and prophylaxis of chloroquine resistant falciparum malaria

A

Doxycycline

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45
Q

Malaria: drug that kills schizonts in the liver and gametocytes in blood

A

Primaquine

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46
Q

Definitive host of toxoplasma gondii

A

Domestic cat

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47
Q

Transmission of toxoplasma

A

Ingestion of cysts in raw meat/ contaminated food

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48
Q

Infective and diagnostic stage of toxoplasmosis

A

Oocysts

Trophozoite

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49
Q

Diagnostic test for toxoplasma

A

IgM antibody

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50
Q

Important for tissue diagnosis of toxoplasmosis

A

Presence of bradyzoites

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51
Q

Congenital toxoplasmosis can cause abortion, stillbirth, chorioretinitis and intracranial _______

A

Calcifications

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52
Q

______ can be seen in encephalitis caused by toxoplasmosis

A

Ring enhancing lesions

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53
Q

Treatment for toxoplasmosis

A

Sulfadiazine plus pyrimethamine

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54
Q

Transmission of Chagas disease

A

Bite of reduviid bug

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55
Q

Infective stage and diagnostic stage of trypanosoma cruzi

A

Metacyclic trypomastigotes

Trypomastigote

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56
Q

Chagas disease is caused by

A

Trypanosoma cruzi

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57
Q

Frequent site of trypanosoma cruzi infection

A

Myocardial
Glial
Reticuloendothelial cells

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58
Q

Most commonly and severely affected tissue in Chagas disease

A

Cardiac muscle

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59
Q

Diagnostic test for chagas disease

A

Muscle biopsy
Stained BMA
Culture
Xenodiagnosis

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60
Q

Periorbital edema in Chagas disease is called

A

Romaña’s sign

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61
Q

Nodule near bite in Chagas disease is called

A

Chagoma

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62
Q

Myocarditis

Megacolon, mega esophagus and achalasia is seen in

A

Chronic Chagas disease

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63
Q

Fever ,LAD, hepatosplenomegaly, chagoma and Romaña’s sign is seen in

A

Acute Chagas’ disease

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64
Q

Treatment for Chagas disease

A

Nifurtimox

Tom cruise wearing a fur coat

65
Q

Mode of action for nifurtimox

A

Inhibits trypanothione reductase

66
Q

Trypanosoma brucei has only 2 forms:

A

Epimastigote and trypomastigote

67
Q

Transmission of trypanosoma brucei

A

Tsetse fly

68
Q

Infective stage for African sleeping sickness

A

Metacyclic trypomastigotes

69
Q 
Indurated skin ulcer
Intermittent weekly fever
Enlargement of posterior cervical lymph node
Excessive somnolence
Hyperesthesia
A

African sleeping sickness

70
Q

Enlargment of posterior cervical lymph node in trypanosoma brucei infection is called

A

Winterbottom’s sign

71
Q

Plasma cells with intracytoplasmic inclusions bodies in African sleeping sickness is called

A

Mott cells

72
Q

Treatment for African sleeping sickness

A

Suramin
Melarsoprol

MELAtonin will SURely help you sleep

73
Q

Amoeba acquired while swimming in contaminated pools

A

Naegleria fowleri

74
Q

Only ciliated protozoa to cause human disease

A

Balantidum coli

75
Q

Balantidial dysentery causes this characteristic ulcer

A

Round based wide necked

76
Q

Transmitted by the bite of Ixodes tick and trophozoites in tetrads form a Maltese cross

A

Babesia microti

77
Q

Transmitted by sandfly

A

Leishmania spp

78
Q

Infective stage of leishmaniasis

A

Promastigote

79
Q

Treated with albendazole

A

CAPHAlbendazole

Capillaria
Hookworm
Ascariasis

80
Q

Drug used in the treatment of nematodes that is both ovicidal and larvicidal

A

Albendazole

81
Q

Most common and largest nematode

A

Ascaris lumbricoides

82
Q

Transmission of ascaris

A

Ingestion of eggs

83
Q

Infective and diagnostic stage of ascariasis

A

Embryonated egg

Unembryonated egg

84
Q

Major damage of ascaris occurs during its

A

Larval migration

85
Q

Principal site of tissue reaction in ascariasis

A

Lungs

86
Q

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis in ascaris infection is called

A

Loeffler’s syndrome

87
Q

Treatment for ascariasis

A

Albendazole

88
Q

Transmission of hookworms

A

Larvae penetration in skin

89
Q

Infective and diagnostic stage of hookworms

A

Filariform larvae

Eggs in feces

90
Q

Spectrum of disease in necator and ancylostoma infections

A

Ground itch
Cutaneous larva migrans
Mild GIT symptoms
Microcytic anemia

91
Q

Treatment for hookworms

A

Albendazole

92
Q

Also called whipworm

A

Trichuris trichiura

93
Q

Mode of transmission of trichuris trichiura

A

Ingestion of eggs

94
Q

Infective and diagnostic stage of whipworms

A

Embryonated
Unembryonated eggs

Football shaped

95
Q

Unholy Trinity of GIT

A

Strongyloides
Whipworm
Hookworm

96
Q

Kato-katz: barrel shaped eggs with bipolar plugs

A

Trichuris trichiura

97
Q

Can cause rectal prolapse

A

Trichuris trichiura

98
Q

Treatment for whipworms

A

Mebendazole

99
Q

Also called pinworm

A

Enterobius vermicularis

100
Q

Life cycle of this parasite is only confined to humans

A

Enterobiud vermicularis

101
Q

Most common soil transmitted helminth in developed countries

A

Enterobius vermicularis

102
Q

Diagnosis of pinworms

A

Scotch tape test

103
Q

Can cause pruritus ani

A

Enterobius vermicularis

104
Q

Treatment of pinworm infection

A

Pyrantel pamoate

105
Q

Facultative parasite

A

Strongyloides stercoralis

106
Q

Infective and diagnostic stage of strongyloides stercoralis

A

Filiriform larvae

Rhabditiform larvae

107
Q

Diagnostic test for strongyloides

A

Harada-Mori culture

108
Q 
Ground itch
Mild watery diarrhea 
Larva currens
Duodenitis
Paradoxical asthma
A

Strongyloides stercoralis

109
Q

Treatment of strongyloides

A

Ivermectin

110
Q

Only nematode whose life cycle involves a migratory bird

A

Capillaria philippinensis

111
Q

Kato katz smear:

Peanut shaped eggs with flattened bipolar plugs

A

Capillaria philippinensis

112
Q 
From undercooked fish
Severe malabsorption
Borborygmus
Chronic watery diarrhea 
Protein losing enteropathy
A

Capillaria philippinensis

113
Q

Treatment of capillaria

A

Albendazole

114
Q

Most debilitating nematode infection

A

Wuchereria and Brugia

115
Q

Transmission of wuchereria

A

Culex aedes anopheles mosquitoes

116
Q

Farmer from abaca plantation infection

A

Wuchereria and Brugia

117
Q

Infective and diagnostic stage of wuchereria and brugia

A

3rd stage larva

Microfilariae

118
Q 
Kinky appearance 
With terminal nuclei
SEA only
Mansonia vector
Limb lymphatics
Elephantiasis
A

Brugia malayi

119
Q

Brugia malayi vector

A

Mansonia mosquito

120
Q

Parasite with preference to scrotal lymphatics

A

Wuchereria bancrofti

121
Q

Specimen collection of wuchereria and brugia best done at night due to their

A

Nocturnal periodicity

122
Q

Malayan filiariasis is found in these provinces

A

Eastern samar

Agusan del sur, palawan, sulu

123
Q

Bancroftian filaria is found in these provinces

A

Sorsogon samar leyte palawan

124
Q

Treatment for elephantiasis

A

DEC

Diethylcarbamazine

125
Q

Intermediate host of trichinella

Spiralis

A

Pigs

126
Q

Infective and diagnostic stage of trichinells spiralis

A

Encysted larvae

127
Q

Diagnostic test for trichinella

A

Muscle biopsy

128
Q

Periorbital edema
Respiratory myositis
Hemorrhagic phenomena

A

Trichinella spiralis

129
Q

Treatment for trichinella

A

Thiabendazole

130
Q

Mazzotti reaction after giving Ivermectin is due to infection with?

A

Onchocerca volvulus

131
Q 
Transmitted by female blackfly
Dermal nodules
Hanging groin
Lizard skin
River blindness
A

Onchocerca volvulus

132
Q

Trematodes (SPC)

A

Schistosoma
Paragonimus
Clonorchis

133
Q

Trematodes treatment

A

Praziquantel

134
Q

Snail and crab trematode

A

P westermanii

135
Q

Snail and fish trematode

A

Clonorchis sinensis

136
Q

Snail only trematode

A

Schistosomiasis

137
Q

Intermediate host of schistosoma japonicum

A

Onchomelania quadrasi

138
Q

Infective and diagnostic stage of schistosomiasis

A

Cercariae

Eggs in feces

139
Q

Diagnostic test for schistosoma

A

Kato katz

Circumoval precipiton test

140
Q

Presence of eggs in this parasite can cause liver granuloma

A

Schostosoma japonicum

141
Q

Swimmers itch
Katayama fever
Chronic liver disease

A

Schistosomiasis

142
Q

Areas of endemicity

Sorsogon samar leyte all of mindanao except misamis oriental

A

Schistosomiasis

143
Q

Schistosomiasis is endemic in Mindanao except in

A

Misamis oriental

144
Q

Treatment for schistosomiasis

A

Praziquantel

145
Q

Lung fluke

A

Paragonimus westermani

146
Q

Infective and diagnostic stage of paragonimus westermani

A

Metacercariae

Unembryonated egg

147
Q

Diagnosis of paragonimus westermani

A

3% NaOH

148
Q

Treatment for paragonimus

A

Praziquantel

149
Q

Asian liver flukes

A

Clonorchis sinensis

150
Q

Infective and diagnostic stage of clonorchis

A

Metacercariae

Embryonated egg

151
Q

Diagnostic test for clonorchis

A

Direct fecal smear

Potassium permanganate stain

152
Q

Hepatobiliary disease

Cholangiocarcinoma

A

Clonorchis sinensis

153
Q

Treatment of asian liver flukes

A

Praziquantel

154
Q

All cestodes have praziquantel as treatment except

A

Echinococcus granulosus- albendazole

155
Q

Taenia specie that can cause pruritus ani and intestinal obstruction

A

Taenis saginata

156
Q

Small eggs can cross BBB

Neurocysticercosis

A

Taenia solium

157
Q

D latum can cause megaloblastic anemia due to lack of

A

Vitamin B12

158
Q

Bedbugs

A

Cimex lectularius

Micro (6 decks)

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