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Gram Negative Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

Lactose fermenter

Green sheen

A

E. coli

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2
Q

Lactose fermenter
Urease positive
ESBL

A

Klebsiella pneumoniae

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3
Q

Comma shaped
Motile
Oxidase positive

A

Vibrio cholerae

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4
Q

Comma shaped
Microaerophilic
Skirrows agar

A

Campylobacter jejuni

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5
Q

Comma shaped

Urease positive

A

H. pylori

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6
Q

Non lactose fermenting
Motile
Oxisase negative
H2S producer

A

Salmonella

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7
Q

Non lactose fermenter
Non motile
Oxidase negative
H2S non producer

A

Shigella

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8
Q 
Non lactose fermenter 
Swarming
Oxidase negative
H2S producer
Urease positive
A

Proteus mirabilis

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9
Q

Non lactose fermenter
Oxidase positive
H2S non producer
Obligate aerobe

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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10
Q

Selective media for gram negative bacteria

A

EMB or MacConkey agar

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11
Q

Lactose fermenters

CKEE

LaCtose is KEE. Grow in MacConKEE agar

A

Citrobacter
Klebsiella
E coli
Enterobacter

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12
Q

This enterotoxin in E coli causes bloody diarrhea

A

Verotoxin (Shiga-like)

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13
Q

E coli typing is by the

A

O and H antigens

O- lipopolysaccharide
H- flagellum

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14
Q

Enterobacteriaceae organisms

MESSY SPECK

A 
Morganella
Escherichia
Shigella
Salmonella
Yersinia
Serratia
Proteus
Enterobacter
Citrobacter
Klebsiella
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15
Q

Most common cause of community acquired/ hospital UTI

A

Escherichia coli

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16
Q

2nd most common cause of Neonatal meningitis

A

Escherichia coli

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17
Q

Causes of neonatal meningitis

BEL

A

B group streptococci
Escherichia coli
Listeria monocytogenes

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18
Q

E.coli strain that causes watery diarrhea

A

ETEC

Enterotoxigenic

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19
Q

E coli strain that causes prolonged watery diarrhea in infants and in developing countries

A

EPEC

Enteropathogenic

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20
Q

E coli strain that causes bloody diarrhea and HUS

A

EHEC

Enterohemorrhagic

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21
Q

E coli strain that causes bloody diarrhea without HUS

A

EIEC

Enteroinvasive

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22
Q

Symptoms of HUS

A

Hemolysis
Uremia
Thrombocytopenia

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23
Q

E coli strain that causes persistent watery diarrhea in HIV patients

A

EAEC

Enteroadherent

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24
Q

Treatment for E coli UTI

A

Ampicillin

Sulfonamides

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25
Q

Treatment for E coli meningitis

A

3rd generation cephalosporins

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26
Q

To which serotype does EHEC belong?

A

E coli O157: H7

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27
Q

Toxin mediated mechanism for EHEC

A

Inhibition of 60s ribosomal subunit that causes decreased protein sysnthesis in gastrointestinal cells

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28
Q

Gram negative diplococci encapsulated, ferments GLUCOSE AND MALTOSE

Kidney bean shaped oxidase positive

A

Neisseria MeninGitidis

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29
Q

Gram negative diplococci, ferments GLUCOSE ONLY

A

Neisseria gonorrhea

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30
Q

Most common cause of meningitis among 2-18 years old

A

N meningitidis

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31
Q

Most severe form of meningococcrmia where there is widespread purpura, high fever, shock, DIC and adrenal insufficiency

A

Waterhouse -Friderichsen syndrome

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32
Q

Treatment of meningococcemia

A

Penicillin G

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33
Q

Chemoprophylaxis for meningococcemia

A

Rifampin

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34
Q

Vaccine for meningococcemia include what strains

A

A
C
Y
W135

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35
Q

Thayer Martin agar contains which antibiotics?

A

Vancomycin
Colistin
Nystatin

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36
Q

Usual coinfection of Neisseria gonorrhea

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

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37
Q

Most common cause of urethritis and PID

A

N. gonorrhea

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38
Q

Complication of PID where there is perihepatitis with violin string adhesions

A

Fitz Hugh Curtid syndrome

39
Q

Most common cause of septic arthritis in sexually active adults

A

N. gonorrhea

40
Q

Most common cause of septic arthritis in general

A

Staphylococcus

41
Q

Treatment of N. gonorrhea

A

Ceftriaxone and doxycycline due to frequent co infection with chlamydia

42
Q

This bacteria produces satellite phenomenon around S.aureus colonies

A

H influenzae

43
Q

Hib infections affects children 6mos -1 year old due to

A

Decline in maternal IgG and immature immune system

44
Q

Most common cause of epiglottitis

A

H influenza b

45
Q

Epiglottitis on xray

A

Thumb sign

46
Q

Treatment of epiglottitis

A

Ceftriaxone

47
Q

Toxin that causes whooping cough in pertussis that damages ciliated cells

A

Tracheal cytotoxin

48
Q

Stage in pertussis where the start of whoops occur and with vomiting, 2-4 weeks into the illness

A

Paroxysmal stage

49
Q

Treatment of pertussis

A

Erythromycin

50
Q

Facultative intracellular bacteria

A 
Some Bugs May Live FacultativeLY
Salmonella
Brucella
Mycobacteria
Legionella
Francisella
Listeria
Yersinia
51
Q

Sole virulence factor of Legionella

52
Q

Treatment for legionella

A

Azith or erythromycin

53
Q

Test to detect antibodies to salmonella in patient’s serum

A

Widal test

54
Q

Salmonella typhi has a predilection for invasion of what organ

A

Gallbladder

55
Q

Typhoid fever is caused by the presence of ______ in salmonella

A

Vi (virulence) capsular antigen

56
Q

Salmonella typhi multiplies in the

A

Peyers patches

57
Q

Culture sources for salmonella typhi

A

BUS
Week 1- blood
Week 2- urine
Week 3- stool

58
Q

Treatment for salmonella

A

Cipro

Philippines: amox chloramphenicol, cotrimoxazole

59
Q

Facultative gram negative rods that produce H2S

A

Salmonella spp

60
Q

Shigella transmission

A

4 F

Food fingers feces flies

61
Q

Shigella preferentially invades this part of the intestines

A

Distal ileum and colon

62
Q

Most common cause of bacillary dysentery

A

Shigella sonnei (Duval bacillus)

63
Q

Most severe form of bacillary dysentery

Most common cause of epidemic dysentery

A

Shigella dysenteriae type 1

Shiga bacillus

64
Q

Shigella dysentery frequently resolves in

65
Q

Shigella is treated with ____ in severe cases

A

Ciprofloxacin

66
Q

Gram negative comma shaped rods with shooting star motility

TCBS agar

A

Vibrio spp

67
Q

Gram negative bacteria that can be acquired through eating contaminated seafood or sea water

A

Vibrio parahaemolyticus and vulnificus

68
Q

Rice water stools
Massive dehydration
Washerwoman hands

69
Q

Treatment of cholera

A

Tetracycline

70
Q

Treatment of vibrio parahaemolyticus or vulnificus

A

Minocycline

71
Q

Microaerophilic comma shaped gram negative rods
Oxidase and catalase positive
Grows 42C on Skirrows agar

A

Campylobacter jejuni

72
Q

Most common cause of bacterial gastroenteritis

A

Campylobacter jejuni

73
Q

Campylobacter jejuni commonly damages this part of the colon and may mimic what disease

A

Jejunum

Ulcerative colitis

74
Q

Campylobacter jejuni may also be associated with these diseases

A

GBS

Reiters syndrome

75
Q

Triad of Reiter syndrome

A

Cant pee
Cant see
Cant climb a tree

Urethritis
Uveitis
Arthritis

76
Q

Treatment of campylobacter jejuni

A

Symptomatic

Erythromycin for severe cases

77
Q

Microaerophilic gram negative comma shaped rods, urease positive that neutralizes stomach acid

A

Helicobacter pylori

78
Q

Urease positive bacteria

A

Particular Kinds Have Urease

Proteus
Klebsiella
H pylori
Ureaplasma urealyticum

79
Q

Facultative gram negative rods with large polysaccharide capsule
Urease positive

A

Klebsiella pneumonia

80
Q

Most common cause of pneumonia in alcoholics

A

Klebsiella

81
Q

Characteristic sputum of Klebsiella pneumonia

A

Currant jelly

82
Q

Facultative gram negative rods non lactose fermenting urease positive

Swarming motility

A

Proteus mirabilis

83
Q

Proteus infection has urease that predisposes the formation of

A

Struvite stones

And staghorn calculi

84
Q

Struvite stones are composed of

A

Magnesium
Ammonium
Phosphate

85
Q

Treatment of proteus mirabilis infection

A

TMP SMX

ampicillin/ quinoles

86
Q

Obligate aerobe gram negative rod with sweet grape like odor

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

87
Q

Hot tub folliculitis is caused by

A

Pseudomonas

88
Q

Most common cause of malignant otitis media in diabetics

A

Pseudomonas

89
Q

3rd most common cause of nosocomial UTI

A

Pseudomonas

90
Q

Burn wound infection
Ecthyma gangrenosum
Febrile neutropenia
Shanghai fever

A

Pseudomonas

91
Q

Possible combinations of antibiotics for pseudomonas

A

Ceftazidime and amik
Piperacillin and amik

Rifampicin for refractory cases

92
Q

Anaerobic gram negative rods
Predominant anaerobe of human colon
Spreads during bowel trauma or surgery

Can cause abdominal abscess

A

Bacteroides fragilis

93
Q

Treatment for bacteroides fragilis

Micro (6 decks)

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