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Gram Positive Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

Beta hemolytic yellow or golden colonies on blood agar

Salt tolerant on mannitol salt agar

A

Staph aureus

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2
Q

Gold color of staph aureus is due to the pigment called

A

Staphyloxanthin

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3
Q

Virulence factor of staph aureus that prevents complement activation

A

Protein A

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4
Q

Bacteria that has alpha toxin that causes marked necrosis of the skin and hemolysis

A

Staph aureus

Clostridium perfringens

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5
Q

Most common cause of acute endocarditis

A

S. aureus

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6
Q

Most commonly affected valve in IV drug users in acute endocarditis

A

Tricuspid

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7
Q

Can cause post viral pneumonia

A

S.aureus

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8
Q

Sequestered focus of osteomyelitis arising in the metaphyseal area of a long bone

A

Brodie abscess

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9
Q

Gastroenteritis due to staphylococcal enterotoxin can occur after how many hours?

A

4 hours

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10
Q

Staphylococcal enterotoxin can be ingested through what kind of food?

A

Salad made with mayonnaise

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11
Q

Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome is also called

A

Ritter disease

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12
Q

In Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, separation of epidermis occurs in what layer?

A

Stratum granulosum

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13
Q

TEN (Lyell disease) separation of epidermis occurs at what layer

A

Dermoepidermal junction

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14
Q

DOC for Methicillin sensitive S. aureus

A

Nafcillin
Oxacillin
Dicloxacillin

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15
Q

DOC for MRSA

A

Vancomycin

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16
Q

Side effect of vancomycin when infused rapidly

A

Red Neck syndrome

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17
Q

DOC for Vancomycin resistant SA

A

Linezolid

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18
Q

Methicillin resistance in S. aureus is carried in which gene?

A

mecA

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19
Q

Whitish non hemolytic colonies on blood agar that forms biofilms

A

S. epidermidis

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20
Q

2nd most common cause of UTI in sexually active women

A

Staphylococcus saprophyticus

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21
Q

Treatment for S saprophyticus infection

A

TMP SMX

Quinolones

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22
Q

What produces scarlet fever in S.pyogenes infection?

A

Erythrogenic toxin

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23
Q

Protease in strep pyogenes that rapidly destroys tissue and cause necrotizing fasciitis

A

Exotoxin B

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24
Q

Titer to document antecedent pharyngitis in S.pyogenes

A

Anti streptolysin O

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25
Q

Titer to document antecedent skin infection in S.pyogenes

A

Anti DNAse B

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26
Q

Perioral blisters with honey colored crusts

Accumulation of neutrophils beneath stratum corneum

A

Impetigo

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27
Q

Complication of impetigo

A

Post strep GN

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28
Q

Superficial infection extending into dermal lymphatics

A

Erysipelas

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29
Q

Most common bacterial cause of sore throat

A

S. pyogenes

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30
Q

Fever strawberry tongue centrifugal rash (sandpaper like), desquamation

What disease and causative agent?

A

Scarlet fever

S. pyogenes

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31
Q

Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome is due to this toxin

A

Exotoxin A

Exotoxin B- necrotizing fasciitis

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32
Q

Jones Criteria for Rheumatic fever

A

PECCS

Polyarthritis
Erythema marginatum
Carditis
Chorea
Subcutaneous nodules
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33
Q

DOC for S.pyogenes

A

Pen G

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34
Q

Transmission of S. agalactiae

A

Transvaginal

Transplacental

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35
Q

Most common cause of neonatal pneumonia, sepsis and meningitis

A

S. agalactiae

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36
Q

DOC for S. agalactiae infection

A

Pen G

PenG + aminoglycoside for serious infections

37
Q

All pregnant women must be screened for GBS colonization at how many weeks AOG?

A

35-37 weeks

38
Q

Chemoprophylaxis with what drugs can be given 4 hours prior to delivery for suspected S. agalactiae infection?

A

IV penicillin or ampicillin

39
Q

Endocarditis in patients who underwent GIT surgery may be due to

A

Enterococcus faecalis

40
Q

Marantic endocarditis in patients with abdominal malignancy can be due to

41
Q

Native valve endocarditis can be caused by

42
Q

Prosthetic valve endocarditis cause

A

S.epidermidis

43
Q

GIT surgery endocarditis

A

Group D enterococcus

44
Q

Ability to evade phagocytosis is due to

45
Q

Gram positive lancet shaped cocci in pairs or chains

Positive Quellung reaction

A

S. pneumoniae

46
Q

Encapsulated bacteria:

A

Some Killers Have Pretty Nice and Shiny Bodies

S. pneumoniae 
Klebsiella
H influenzae
Pseudomonas
Neisseria meningitidis
Salmonella
B group strep (agalactiae)
47
Q

Most common cause of CAP
Otitis media
Bacterial sinusitis
Adult meningitis

A

S pneumoniae

48
Q

Treatment for S. pneumoniae

A

Pencillin G

49
Q

Most common cause of most common cause of subacute and native valve endocarditis

A

S. sanguis

50
Q

Treatment for Viridans strep

A

Pen G with or without Gentamicin

51
Q

Spore forming non motile aerobic BOX CAR SHAPED

A

Bacillus anthracis

52
Q

Anaerobic spore forming TENNIS RACKET LIKE

A

Clostridium tetani

53
Q

Anaerobic gas forming spore forming

A

Clostridium perfringens

54
Q

Spore forming anaerobic, pseudomembranes

A

Clostridium difficile

55
Q

Nonspore forming aerobic nonmotile CHINESE CHARACTERS

A

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

56
Q

Nonspore forming aerobic curved

TUMBLING MOTILITY

A

Listeria monocytogenes

57
Q

Listeria

Sing to the tune of Disturbia

A

Listeria

Tumbling motility and curved
Aerobic, non spore forming
Gram positive with endotoxin
Ampi- Genta

58
Q

Capsule of bacillus anthracis is made up of

A

Poly D glutamate

59
Q

Mediates entry of lethal and edema factor of bacillus anthracis

A

Protective Antigen

60
Q

Woolsorter’s disease

Medusa head morphology

A

Bacillus anthracis

61
Q

Inhalational Anthrax causes enlarged lymph nodes in this area

A

Mediastinum

62
Q

DOC for cutaneous anthrax

A

Ciprofloxacin

63
Q

DOC for inhalational/ GIT anthrax

A

Cipro + additional antibiotics ( rifampin vanco clinda imipinem penicillin clarithro)

64
Q

Pulmonary Hemorrhage can be caused by

A

SAW placed in the lungs can cause hemorrhage

Pulmonary anthrax
Weil syndrome (severe leptospirosis)
Congenital syphilis

65
Q

Ophthalmitis that occurs after traumatic penetrating eye injury with a slil contaminated object

Complete loss of light perception 48 hours after injury

Causative agent?

A

Bacillus cereus

66
Q

Tennis racket appearance of clostridium tetani is due to the presence of

A

Terminal spores

67
Q

Tetanospasmin in clostridium tetani infection is a protease that cleaves proteins involved in the release of ______ from Renshaw cells

68
Q

Progression of tetanus timeline

A

1 week toxin uptake
1 day disinhibition
1 month toxin degradation

69
Q

Treatment for tetanus

A

Metronidazole or penicillin
Tetanus immunoglobulin
Vaccination every 10 years

70
Q

Tetanus prophylaxis

Clean wound, unrecalled hx or less than 3 doses

A

Toxoid only

71
Q

Tetanus prophylaxis

Clean wound, more than 3 doses

A

Toxoid if last dose given more than 10 years ago

72
Q

Tetanus prophylaxis

Contaminated wound, unrecalled hx or less than 3 doses

A

Toxoid AND IG

73
Q

Tetanus prophylaxis

Contaminated wound, more than 3 doses

A

Toxoid only if last dose given more than 5 years ago

74
Q

MOA of tetanospasmin

A

Prevent release of GABA by cleaving synaptobrevin 2

75
Q

Botulinum toxin works by

A

Blocking acetylcholine release causing flaccid paralysis

76
Q

Botox is a commercisl preparation of which exotoxin?

A

Exotoxin A

77
Q

Bulbar signs of food borne botulism

A 
4 Ds
Diplopia
Dysarthria
Dysphonia
Dysphagia
78
Q

Triad of botulism

A

Symmetrical descending flaccid paralysis with prominent bulbar involvement

Absence of fever
Intact sensorium

79
Q

Treatment of Botulism

A

Ventilatory support
Gastric lavage
Metronidazole
Botulinum antitoxin

80
Q

Gas gangrene in clostridium perfringens is due to

A

Alpha toxin

Gas formation due to anaerobic metabolism

81
Q

Food poisoning due to clostridium perfringens incubation period

A

8-16 hours

82
Q

Treatment for gas gangrene

A

Debridement

Peniciliin

83
Q

Anaerobic gram positive spore forming

Transmitted by feco oral route
Important intermediaries include hand of hospital personnel

A

Clostrdium difficile

84
Q

Use of these antibiotics can cause C. difficile infection

A

Clinda
2nd and 3rd generation ceph
Ampicillin

85
Q

Treatment of pseudomembranous colitis

A

Metronidazole or vancomycin

Causative antibiotic should be withdrawn

86
Q

ABCDEFG of diphtheria

A 
ADP ribosylation
Beta prophage
Corynebacterium diphtheria
DTAP vaccine
Elongation factor 2
Granules (metachromatic)
Gray pseudomembranous pharyngitis
G penicillin (pen G)
87
Q

Pathogenesis of listeria wherein it propels the bacteria through the membranes of 1 cell to the other

A

Actin rockets

88
Q

Transmission of listeria is through

A

Unpasteurized milk or raw vegetables

89
Q

Treatment for listeria

A

Ampicillin

Micro (6 decks)

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