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Cell Biology Topic C > Viruses > Flashcards

Viruses Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a virus?

A

An infectious particle consisting of genes packaged in a protein coat.

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2
Q

What types of organisms can viruses infect?

A

A whole range including: plants, animals and bacteria.

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3
Q

Can viruses reproduce?

A

No.

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4
Q

What does the infectious particle consist of?

A

Nucleic acid and protein.

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5
Q

What size do viruses range from?

A

20nm - 1,000nm

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6
Q

What is the virus built up of?

A

Capsids, Envelopes and Genomes.

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7
Q

What does Bacteriophage T4 infect?

A

Bacteria

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8
Q

What is a capsid made of?

A

Capsomeres.

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9
Q

Genomes in viruses can consist of either?

A

Double or Single stranded DNA or RNA.

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10
Q

How many genes can be in the genome of a virus?

A

3-1,000s.

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11
Q

A parasite cannot complete life cycle without?

A

Suitable Host.

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12
Q

Measles can only infect?

A

Humans.

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13
Q

What do viruses use to create protein?

A

Host mechanism.

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14
Q

What are phages?

A

Viruses that infect bacteria.

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15
Q

What are the two methods a bacteria can replicate in a bacterial phage?

A

Lytic Cycle or Lysogenic cycle.

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16
Q

In the lytic cycle, when host recognises that the bacterial phage is foreign, what happens?

A

The phage DNA is cut up.

17
Q

What is special about the Lysogenic Cycle?

A

It doesn’t destroy the host.

18
Q

Phages that use both cycles are called?

A

Temperate phages.

19
Q

In the lysogenic cycle, when the host divides, what happens to the phage?

A

The page DNA also get replicated and divides with the host.

20
Q

What can the lytic cycle be increased by?

A

Radiation or chemicals in the environment.

21
Q

How many categories of animal viruses are there?

A

6.

22
Q

What do retroviruses use to copy RNA genome into DNA?

A

Reverse transcriptase.

23
Q

What is an example of a retrovirus?

A

HIV is a retrovirus that causes AIDS.

24
Q

In the replicative cycle, where are viral envelopes derived from?

A

The host’s plasma membrane OR the host’s nuclear envelope.

25
Q

When does a retrovirus become a provirus?

A

When inserted into host cell.

26
Q

What two things does RNA function as in the case of a provirus?

A

mRNA and genomes.

27
Q

What is a zoonotic disease?

A

A disease that can cross different species.

28
Q

What do anti-viral drugs such as Tamiflu do?

A

Inhibit release of new viral particles from host cell.

29
Q

How effective is Tamiflu?

A

Its effectiveness is questionable.

30
Q

What is an example of a zoonotic disease?

A

Ebola.

Cell Biology Topic C (7 decks)

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