Viruses Flashcards
Capsomere
subunit of the protein coat (capsid) of a virus
Viral envelope = trilamina lipid membrane
Viroid
ssRNA
Virus
classified by DNA or RNA…contains one or the other - NEVER both!!
Virion
Complete viral particle
How are viruses most commonly transmitted?
Respiratory system
There are exceptions!
How are Arboviruses / Arthropod borne viruses transmitted?
Mosquitoes
Encephalitis, Yellow Fever, Dengue
How are AIDS transmitted?
Sexually, IV drugs
How is Polio transmitted?
Oral / Fecal
How are Rabies transmitted?
Bite from infected animal
Hydrophobia, NEgri Bodies, Difficulty swallowing
How are Warts transmitted?
Skin contact
How is Hepatitis transmitted? !!!
Depends on type:
Hep A = oral / fecal (self limiting, not carrier)
Hep B = sex, IV drugs
Hep C = transfusions, tatooing
Herpes Simplex
Type 1: Fever blisters (cold sores)…“Gasserion” Ganglion = Trigeminal N. (CN V)
Type 2: Genital Herpes “Below the Belt”
Herpes Zoster
Shingles in adults
Dont cross midline
Follows Dermatome
Molluscum contagiosum
pink cauliflower lesion on female genitalia
Papovavirus
Warts
Rubella !!!
German measles AKA 3 Day Measles
Congenital Rubella Syndrome: limb malformation (1st trimester)
Rubeola !!!
Red Measles = “Ruby Red”
Koplik spots
3 C’s: Cough, coryza, conjunctivitis
Vaccinia !
Cow Pox
Varicella !
Chicken pox
Maculopapularvesicular Rash
Variola !
Small Pox = Guarneri Bodies
Coxsackie !
Childhood dysentery = Hand, Foot, Mouth disease
Echovirus
Enteric + skin rash + heart disease
Hantavirus
Enteric, spread by Rodents / Chipmunks
Polio
Enteric, spread by oral / fecal contamination
Bulbar respiratory paralysis (brainstem)
Adenovirus
Respiratory, conjuncitivitis
Influenza !!!
Has ANTIGENIC SHIFT / DRIFT = why flu vaccines are never 100% correct….mutation
RSV !
Croup + bronchiolitis
Mumps !
Parotiditis – motor disease of CN 7 (Bells Palsy)
Oophritis or Orchitis
CMV
spread via bodily fluids
Rabies !!
“Bullet” shaped unter electron microscope
RNA, rhabdo virus
Negri bodies in brain, hydrophobia
AIDS
Caused by Retro virus (HIV) = reverse transcriptase: RNA –> DNA
Pneumocystitis carinii
#1 fungal infection in AIDS #1 Cause of death in AIDS (infection --> pneumonia --> death)
Toxoplasmosis
1 parasitic infections in AIDS
Kaposi Sarcoma
1 death by cancer in AIDS
In hepatitis, which type are carriers for life? !
Hep B, C, D
In hepatitis, which types can lead to sequelae? !
Hep B, C, D – Liver Cancer
In hepatitis, which types contain RNA vs DNA? !!!
B = DNA ….. RNA for all others
Hep B is endemic in what country?
China
What is Hepatitis D? !
Co-infection with Hep B
aka “Dane” particle
Only replicates in presence of Hep B
What are the types of Arboviruses?
Group A
All equine encephalitis diseases & those spread by mosquitoes Ex: West Nile Virus
Group B
Yellow Fever
Vector: Aedes agypti mosquito – Viscerotropic Virus (liver)
Dengue Fever !!!
Develop breakbone fever or bone crusher disease
Major Arboviruses !
- Eastern Equine Encephalitis = WEST NILE
- Western Equine Encephalitis
- St. Louis Encephalitis
- Yellow Fever
- Dengue Fever
** All spread by Mosquitoes **
