Bacterial Diseases

Question 1

Yersinia pestis / Pasteurella pestis

Answer 1

Bubonic Plague ‘black death’

VECTOR: Rat flea = Xenopsylla cheopis
Arthropod Borne Bacteria

Bubos = neck and axillary lymph node enlargement
Death by asphyxiation

Question 2

Francisella tularenis

Answer 2

Tuleremia ‘Rabit Fever’

VECTOR: Rabbits, squirrels
Arthropod Borne Bacteria

Hunters = at risk

“The French Rabbits smell Tulips”

Question 3

Clostridium botulinum !!

Answer 3

Botulism

VECTOR: Food - meats / home canning

Neurotoxin
PREVENTS ACH RELEASE = Floppy Baby Syndrome
1st symptom = Diploplia, 2nd symptom = DEATH

Question 4

C. jejuni !!

Answer 4

Campylobacter – Food poisoning

VECTOR: food

MCC = Gastritis
#1 symptom = diarrhea
MCC of food poisoning

Question 5

Listeria monocytogenes

Answer 5

Listeria

VECTOR: Deli meats + soft cheeses

Question 6

Salmonella entrides !

Answer 6

Salmonella

VECTOR: eggs + poultry

12-24 hours after ingestions = FEVER

Question 7

Staph aureus !

Answer 7

Staphylococcus

VECTOR: Creams and Custards

2-4 hours after ingestion…NO FEVER

Question 8

Salmonella Typhi

Answer 8

Typhoid

Rose colored spots on abdomen.
Hides in gall bladder & Peyer’s patches in Ileum
Widal Test

Question 9

Brucella abortus

Answer 9

Brucellosis

VECTOR: Water, Milk

Bang’s disease.
Undulant fever.
Spontaneous abortions in cattle

Question 10

Vibrio cholera

Answer 10

Cholera….”Vibrio Comma”

VECTOR: Contaminated water
wont enter bloodstream, stays in intestines

Comma shaped
Rice water stools
Vomiting

No lymph enlargement, no immune reaction

Question 11

Shigella !!

Answer 11

Shigella

VECTOR: WATER AND SOIL BORN

Bacillary / bacterial dysentery
BLOOD IN STOOL

Question 12

E. coli, Enterotoxigenic form !!

Answer 12

Traveler’s Diarrhea

VECTOR: Contaminated water

MONTEZUMA’S REVENGE
Enterohemorrhagic form = E. coli OH157
= Hamburger’s Disease – FATAL

Question 13

Bacillus anthracis

Answer 13

Anthrax (Gram + Rod)

VECTORS: soil + animals

Woolsorter’s diseases
Inhaled spores (from animal hides or wools)
Zoonosis (different from cutaneous anthrax)

Question 14

Clostridium tetani

Answer 14

Tetanus

VECTOR: Soil borne

Lockjaw aka TRISMUS
Inhibits GABA and Glycine (= blocks inhibitory NTs)

Question 15

Clostridium perfingins

Answer 15

Gas Gangrene…..”C. Welchi”

VECTOR: Soil

Question 16

Clostridium dificile

Answer 16

GI tract — antibody resistant

Question 17

Otitis is what? And what bacteria cause these infections?

Answer 17

EAR INFECTIONS

Otitis MEDIA
    #1  Haemophilus Influenza
    #2 Strep pneumoniae 

Otitis EXTERNA 
    #1  E. coli 
    #2 Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 18

Leptospira interrogans / ictohemorrhagica

Answer 18

Leptospirosis

VECTOR: Contaminated water

Spirochete
Weil’s syndrome (Hemorhhagic Jaundice)

Question 19

Borrelia Burgdorferi

Answer 19

Lyme’s Disease

VECTOR: Deer tick = Lxodes scapularis

Erythema Chronicum Migricans aka BULL’S EYE rash

Question 20

Borrelia recurrentis

Answer 20

Relapsing Fever

VECTOR: Ticks, lice, rabbits

Fever comes and goes (relapses)

Question 21

Treponema pallidum !!

Answer 21

Syphilis

VECTOR: STD

Venereal Syphilis:

• Primary = hard painless chancre (most contagious)
• Secondary = condylomata lata (flat warts on vulva), maculopapular rash
• Latency = sometimes have symptoms
• Tertiary = Gummas, neurosyphilis, Argyll Robertson pupil, Tabes Dorsalis (not contagious)

Question 22

Treponema pertenue

Answer 22

Yaws

VECTOR: Casual skin contact

Non-venereal syphilis

Question 23

What do you use to differentiate between treponema?

Answer 23

Dark Field Microscopy

Question 24

What are the 3 types of Dysentery?

Answer 24

1. Childhood = Coxsackie Virus B
2. Bacterial / Bacillary = Shigella
3. Amoebic = Entamoeba Histolytica (infective stage = cyst)

Question 25

How do bacteria replicate?

Answer 25

Binary fission - asexual reproduction

Question 26

What are the bacteria types?

Answer 26

Bacilli B = Bar –> Rod Shape
Cocci C = Circle –> Round
Pleomorphic MANY SHAPES - Diphtheria= chinese letters
Rabies Bullet
Spirochete S = Spiral – Syphilis
Strep Linear
Staph Cluster
Vibrio Comma

Question 27

Name some bacterial ENZYMES that add virulence

Answer 27

B-hemolytic Strep = STREPTOKINASE (dissolves clots)
Staph
- COAGULASE (catalyses formation of fibrin from fibrinogen)
- HEMOLYSIN (breaks down RBCs)
Staph / Strep = LEUKOCIDIN
Staph / Strep / Clostridia = HYALURONIDASE

Question 28

What are the temperatures at which bacteria grow?

Answer 28

Psychrophilic = 15C or lower
Mesophilic = 25-40C….37C is optimal in humans
** Killed by FEVERS!! **
Thermophilic = 45C or above

Question 29

What is the most common cause of meningitis for newborns?

Answer 29

1. E. Coli

2. Listeria

Question 30

What is the most common cause of meningitis for infants/kids?

Answer 30

1. Strep pneumoniae

2. Neisseria meningitides - only one with rash

Question 31

What is the most common cause of meningitis for adults?

Answer 31

Strep pneumoniae

Question 32

What is the most LETHAL meningitis? !!!

Answer 32

Naegleria Fowleri

Causes primary amoebic meningoencephalitis

Fungus in the lungs = Cryptococcus Neoformans ***