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Microbio > Viruses > Flashcards

Viruses Flashcards

1
Q

Herpesviruses

A

Enveloped, dsDNA, Linear

HSV-1 (Oral), sponatenous temporal lobe encephalitis, keratoconjunctivitis

HSV-2 (Genital)

VZV (HHV-3) –> Chicken pox, zoster. Vaccine available

EBV (HHV-4) –> Mononucleosis, Burkitt lymphoma, hodgkin lymphoma

CMV (HHV-5) - infection in immunocompromized (Congenital (Sightomegalo)

HHV-6 Roseola (exanthem subitum)

HHV-7 (less common cause of roseola)

HHV-8 Kaposi asrcoma

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2
Q

Hepadnavirus

A

Enveloped dsDNA(incomplete), circular

HBV: Acute or chronic hepatitis

Recombinant vaccine available

RT w/o being a retrovirus

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3
Q

Adenovirus

A

Non enveloped, dsDNA linear

Febrile pharngitis
Acute hemorrhagic cystitis
Pneumonia
Conjunctivitis (Pink Eye) (URI followed by conjunctivitis)

or diarrhea w/ URI

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4
Q

Parvovirus

A

Non enveloped ssDNA linear (- strand)

B19 virus –> aplastic crises in sickle cell

Slapped cheeks (5th disease)

RBC destruction in fetus –> Hydropsfetalis and death(ToRCH)

Pure RBC aplasia and arthritis in adults

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5
Q

Papillomavirus

A

Naked dsDNA circular

HPV- Warts (1,2,6,11) Cancer 16,18

Recombinant Vaccine for 6,11,16,18

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6
Q

Polyomavirus

A

Naked dsDNA Circular

JC viruse –> progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV (PML)

BK virus –> transplant patients, targets kidney)

Junky Cerebrum, Bad Kidneys

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7
Q

Poxvirus

A

Enveloped complexed dsDNA linear

Small pox

Cow pox (vacinia)

Molluscum contagiosum –> Self limmited, very contagoius

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8
Q

Type A Cowdry bodies

A

HSV1, HSV2, HHV3. Intranuclear eosinophilia inclusions

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9
Q

Tzanck smear

A

Multinucleated giant cells HHV1,2,3 only

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10
Q

HSV-1

A

Gingivostomatitis, keratoconjunctivitis, temporal lobe encephalitis (#1 sporatic encephalitis in US), herpes labalis

Latent in trigeminal

Transmitted by Respiratory secretions and saliva

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11
Q

HSV-2

A

Herpes genitalis, neonatal, latent in sacral ganglia.

Sexual contact and perinatally (if primary infection when pregnant)

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12
Q

VZV

A

HHV3.

Chicken pox, encephalitis, pneumonia (last 2 if adult or IC).

Latent in dorsal root ganglia, or trigeminal ganglia.

Transmitted by respiratory secretions

Ramsay Hunt: Facial nerve/genticulate ganglia. Leads to facial paralysis and/or deafness

HZ Opthalmicus: Involvement of V1, opthalamologic emergency. Seen on tip of nose

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13
Q

Ramsay Hunt

A

VZV of genticulate ganglia/facial nerve.

Lose taste to anterior 2/3 and deafness, and paralysis

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14
Q

Herpes Zoster Othalamicus

A

Eye emergency, involvemnt of V1, found on the nose

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15
Q

EBV

A

Mononuclesis: Fever, hepatosplenomegaly, pharyngitis (exudative), and lymphadenopathy (posterior cervical nodes).

Respiratory secretions and saliva.

Infects B cells CD21,

Get atypical lymphocytes, Downy cells (Foamy and basophilic), reactive CD8 T cells

Positive monospot heterphile test.

Hodgkin lymphoma, Burkitt Lymphoma, Diffuse large cell lymphoma, nasopharnygeal carcinoma, Oral hairy

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16
Q

Downy Cells

A

Foamy Basophilic CD8 T cells (reactive) in EBV infection

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17
Q

CMV (HHV-5)

A

1 TorCH

Congenital infections

  • monospot mononucelosis
    Pneuonia, retinitis.

Infected cells have “owl eyes”

Latent in mononuclear cells.

Sex, saliva, urine, congenital, transfusion.

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18
Q

HHV-6 (roseola)

A

High fever 3-5 days, Big cause of febrile seizures in kids.

Exanthum subitum

Fever before Rash. then diffuse macular rash.

Transmitted w/ saliva

Pretty much all children by age 2.

6ths disease

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19
Q

HHV 8

A

Kaposi sarcoma, neoplasm of endothelial cells.

AIDS and transplants.

Dark/violaceous flat and nodular skin lesions

GI and Lungs too –> hemoptysis

Spindle cells (endo)

Tx: HAART

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20
Q

HHV7

A

age 5, 100% have it. roseola like

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21
Q

Dengue

A

4 Serotypes. Aedes mosquito (cities).

Mild –> life threatening

Bone break fevor.

Severe retroorbital pain

DHF: after 2nd fever, get thrombocytopenia
Tourniqut test –> excess patechia

WNV: bird encephalitis, humans are incidental
FLu like in end of summer 3-6 days, thin WNV

1:100 –> advanced. Motor neurons of anterior horn. like werdnig hoffman and polio

Dx: IgM in serum or CSF.

Supportive Tx

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22
Q

STL Encephalitis

A

Arbovirus

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23
Q

Reovirus

A

non enveloped, dsRNA (only 1) 10-12 segments
Icosahedral (dobule)

Coltivirus (COlorado Tick fever, self limited flu like)

Rotavirus –> #1 cause of fatal diarrhea. US in the winters

24
Q

Picornavirus (small)

A

Enteroviruses, (PERCH)

nonenveloped ss+linear RNA. Icosahedral

Poliovirus
Echovirus (aseptic meningitis)
Rhinovirush - Only non entero, common cold
Coxsackie virus - aseptic meningitis, herpangina (mouth blisters w/ fever); Hand foot and mouth disease (palm and sole rash), myocarditis, pericarditis
HAV –> acute viral hepatitis

Polio –> gray matter, anterior horns –> paralysis, like WNV and Werdnig hoffman

25
Q

PERCH viruses

A

Picrona
Polio, Echo, Rhino, Coxsackie, HAV

All are entero - rhino

26
Q

Hepevirus

A

Naked ssRNA+ strand linear. Icosahedral

HEV, like HAV

27
Q

Calciviruses

A

Naked ssRNA+ linear. icosahedral

Norovirus. Viral gastroenteritis (vomit diarrhea, cruise ships)

28
Q

Flavivirus

A

Enveloped ssRNA + linear, Icosahedral

HCV,
Yellow fever, Dengue, St. Louis encephalitis, WNV –> All 4 from aedes

29
Q

Togavirus

A

Enveloped ssRNA+ Icosahedral.

Rubella –> german Measles. Usually mild

Eastern equine encephalitis
Western equine encephalitis

30
Q

Retrovirus

A

Enveloped ss+linear HTLV - Icosahedral
HIV - Complex

Have RT
HTLV –> T cell leukemia
HIV –> AIDS

31
Q

Corona Virus

A

enveloped +ssRNA Helical.

Coronavirus –> common cold, and SARS/MERS

32
Q

orthomyxoviruses

A

Enveloped -ssRNA, segmented (8). Helical

Influenza

33
Q

Paramyxovirus

A

Enveloped -ssRNA, nonsegmented, enveloped

PaRaM

Parainfluenza (croup)
RSV –> Bronchiolitis in babies (Ribavirin = tx)
Measles, Mumps

34
Q

Rhabdovirus

A

enveloped, -ssRNA linear, helical

Rabies

35
Q

Filovirus

A

Enveloped -ssRNA linear, helical

Ebola/Marburg hemorrhagic fevers

36
Q

Arenavirus

A

Enveloped, -ssRNA (Circula 3 segments) Helical

LCMV –> lymphocytic chroiomeningitis viruses. Lassa fever encehpalitis, spread by mice

37
Q

Bunyaviruses

A

Enveloped ssRNA - circular (3 segments) helical

California encephalitis,
Sandfly/Rift valley fevers
Crimean Congo hemorrhagic
Hantavirus

38
Q

delta

A

Enveloped -ssRNA circular

HDV –> needs HBVs

39
Q

Negative Stranded Viruses

A

Must transcribe - to +.
Brings own RNA dependent RNA polymerase

Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication

Arena, Bunya, Paramyxovirus, orthomyxo, Filoviruses, Rhabdo

40
Q

Segmented Viruses

A

BOAR

Bunya, Orthomyxo, Arena, Reo

41
Q

Picorna viruses:

A

PERCH, all translate 1 long peptide thats cleaved

Cause aseptic meningitis (except rhino and HAV)

All entero - Rhino

42
Q

Rhinoviruses

A

Acid labile, doesn’t infect GI

43
Q

Yellow Fever viruses

A

Falviv viruses, arboviruses.

Aedes

Moneky or human reservois

High fever, black vomitus, and jaundic

Hemmorhage –> gum bleeds, hematemesis, petechial + purpuric skin lesions, epistaxis.

44
Q

Rotaviruses:

A

Infantile gastroenteritis.

dsDNA virues (Segmented)

Vaccine all infants

45
Q

Influenza

A

Orthomyxo. Enveloped - ssRNA 8 segments.

Hemagglutinin (viral entry)
Neuraminidase (Virion release).

Patients at risk for bacterial superinfection.

Rapid genetic changes.

Killed = IM

Live = intranasal

46
Q

Shift vs drift

A

Flu A viruses

Shift = pandemics, reassorment
Drift = epidemic, random mutation
47
Q

Rubella

A

Togavirus.

German measles or 3day measles.

Fever, post auricular and other lymphadenopathies, arthalgias and fine rash.

Mild in children

Serious ToRCHeS infection

Blueberry muffin appearance. Extramedullary hematopoiesis
PDA, pulmonic stenosis

MMR Vaccine

48
Q

Paramyxovirus

A

Parainfluenza, RSV, Measles, Mumps

Parainfluenza: Croup (seal like barking) (Steeple sign) mimics asthma

RSV: Bronchilitis, pneumonia in infants

All have F (fusion protein)

Causes respiratory epithelium to fuse and form multinucelated cells

PAlivizumab against F protein. prevents pneuomnia by RSV

49
Q

Measles

A

Paramyxoviruses

Koplik spots, corysa, Conjunctivitis, cough

Descending* maculopapular rash (characteristic)

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (1:2000) occurs years later.

Giant cell pneumonia in inmmunosuppressed

*Vitamin A prevents exfoliative dermatitis

Koplik appear then rash

50
Q

Mumps

A

Paramyxovirus

POM
Parotitis, Orchitis, aspetic meningitis

Sterility

51
Q

Viral Meningitis

A

Coxsackie, Echovirus, Eneroviruses, mumps

52
Q

Rhabies

A

Bullet shaped virus

Negri bodies in cerebellum and hippocampus

Long incubation

Tx: wound cleansing and vaccination +/- Ig

Retrograde transmission

Fear malaise, photophobia, hydrophobia, paralysis, coma, death

53
Q

HAV

A

RNA Picorna viruses
F/O
No carrier

Short inubation.

usually asymptomatic, only acute, and no carriers
Asympto, Acute, Alone

54
Q

HBV

A

DNA Hepadnavirus
Parenteral, sexual, mother-fetal.
Carriers.

Long incuabation

HCC risk –> integrates into host –> oncogene

55
Q

HCV

A

Flavivirus RNA

Primarily blood, IVDU, post transfusion. rarely sexual

Carrier

Long incubation

Chronic inflammation –> HCC

Chronic , Cirrhosis, Carcinoma, Carrier

56
Q

HDV

A

RNA Delta viruses

Parenteral, sexually, maternal fetal

Superinfection (simulatenous w/ HBV)

Coinfection (w/ established HBV)

Defective viruses

Super is worse than coinfection

57
Q

HEV

A

RNA hepeviruses

Like HAV.

Bad in mothers/pregnants

Microbio (11 decks)

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