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Viruses Flashcards

1
Q

Herpesviruses

A

Enveloped, dsDNA, Linear

HSV-1 (Oral), sponatenous temporal lobe encephalitis, keratoconjunctivitis

HSV-2 (Genital)

VZV (HHV-3) –> Chicken pox, zoster. Vaccine available

EBV (HHV-4) –> Mononucleosis, Burkitt lymphoma, hodgkin lymphoma

CMV (HHV-5) - infection in immunocompromized (Congenital (Sightomegalo)

HHV-6 Roseola (exanthem subitum)

HHV-7 (less common cause of roseola)

HHV-8 Kaposi asrcoma

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2
Q

Hepadnavirus

A

Enveloped dsDNA(incomplete), circular

HBV: Acute or chronic hepatitis

Recombinant vaccine available

RT w/o being a retrovirus

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3
Q

Adenovirus

A

Non enveloped, dsDNA linear

Febrile pharngitis
Acute hemorrhagic cystitis
Pneumonia
Conjunctivitis (Pink Eye) (URI followed by conjunctivitis)

or diarrhea w/ URI

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4
Q

Parvovirus

A

Non enveloped ssDNA linear (- strand)

B19 virus –> aplastic crises in sickle cell

Slapped cheeks (5th disease)

RBC destruction in fetus –> Hydropsfetalis and death(ToRCH)

Pure RBC aplasia and arthritis in adults

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5
Q

Papillomavirus

A

Naked dsDNA circular

HPV- Warts (1,2,6,11) Cancer 16,18

Recombinant Vaccine for 6,11,16,18

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6
Q

Polyomavirus

A

Naked dsDNA Circular

JC viruse –> progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV (PML)

BK virus –> transplant patients, targets kidney)

Junky Cerebrum, Bad Kidneys

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7
Q

Poxvirus

A

Enveloped complexed dsDNA linear

Small pox

Cow pox (vacinia)

Molluscum contagiosum –> Self limmited, very contagoius

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8
Q

Type A Cowdry bodies

A

HSV1, HSV2, HHV3. Intranuclear eosinophilia inclusions

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9
Q

Tzanck smear

A

Multinucleated giant cells HHV1,2,3 only

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10
Q

HSV-1

A

Gingivostomatitis, keratoconjunctivitis, temporal lobe encephalitis (#1 sporatic encephalitis in US), herpes labalis

Latent in trigeminal

Transmitted by Respiratory secretions and saliva

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11
Q

HSV-2

A

Herpes genitalis, neonatal, latent in sacral ganglia.

Sexual contact and perinatally (if primary infection when pregnant)

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12
Q

VZV

A

HHV3.

Chicken pox, encephalitis, pneumonia (last 2 if adult or IC).

Latent in dorsal root ganglia, or trigeminal ganglia.

Transmitted by respiratory secretions

Ramsay Hunt: Facial nerve/genticulate ganglia. Leads to facial paralysis and/or deafness

HZ Opthalmicus: Involvement of V1, opthalamologic emergency. Seen on tip of nose

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13
Q

Ramsay Hunt

A

VZV of genticulate ganglia/facial nerve.

Lose taste to anterior 2/3 and deafness, and paralysis

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14
Q

Herpes Zoster Othalamicus

A

Eye emergency, involvemnt of V1, found on the nose

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15
Q

EBV

A

Mononuclesis: Fever, hepatosplenomegaly, pharyngitis (exudative), and lymphadenopathy (posterior cervical nodes).

Respiratory secretions and saliva.

Infects B cells CD21,

Get atypical lymphocytes, Downy cells (Foamy and basophilic), reactive CD8 T cells

Positive monospot heterphile test.

Hodgkin lymphoma, Burkitt Lymphoma, Diffuse large cell lymphoma, nasopharnygeal carcinoma, Oral hairy

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16
Q

Downy Cells

A

Foamy Basophilic CD8 T cells (reactive) in EBV infection

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17
Q

CMV (HHV-5)

A

1 TorCH

Congenital infections

  • monospot mononucelosis
    Pneuonia, retinitis.

Infected cells have “owl eyes”

Latent in mononuclear cells.

Sex, saliva, urine, congenital, transfusion.

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18
Q

HHV-6 (roseola)

A

High fever 3-5 days, Big cause of febrile seizures in kids.

Exanthum subitum

Fever before Rash. then diffuse macular rash.

Transmitted w/ saliva

Pretty much all children by age 2.

6ths disease

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19
Q

HHV 8

A

Kaposi sarcoma, neoplasm of endothelial cells.

AIDS and transplants.

Dark/violaceous flat and nodular skin lesions

GI and Lungs too –> hemoptysis

Spindle cells (endo)

Tx: HAART

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20
Q

HHV7

A

age 5, 100% have it. roseola like

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21
Q

Dengue

A

4 Serotypes. Aedes mosquito (cities).

Mild –> life threatening

Bone break fevor.

Severe retroorbital pain

DHF: after 2nd fever, get thrombocytopenia
Tourniqut test –> excess patechia

WNV: bird encephalitis, humans are incidental
FLu like in end of summer 3-6 days, thin WNV

1:100 –> advanced. Motor neurons of anterior horn. like werdnig hoffman and polio

Dx: IgM in serum or CSF.

Supportive Tx

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22
Q

STL Encephalitis

A

Arbovirus

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23
Q

Reovirus

A

non enveloped, dsRNA (only 1) 10-12 segments
Icosahedral (dobule)

Coltivirus (COlorado Tick fever, self limited flu like)

Rotavirus –> #1 cause of fatal diarrhea. US in the winters

24
Q

Picornavirus (small)

A

Enteroviruses, (PERCH)

nonenveloped ss+linear RNA. Icosahedral

Poliovirus
Echovirus (aseptic meningitis)
Rhinovirush - Only non entero, common cold
Coxsackie virus - aseptic meningitis, herpangina (mouth blisters w/ fever); Hand foot and mouth disease (palm and sole rash), myocarditis, pericarditis
HAV –> acute viral hepatitis

Polio –> gray matter, anterior horns –> paralysis, like WNV and Werdnig hoffman

25
PERCH viruses
Picrona Polio, Echo, Rhino, Coxsackie, HAV All are entero - rhino
26
Hepevirus
Naked ssRNA+ strand linear. Icosahedral HEV, like HAV
27
Calciviruses
Naked ssRNA+ linear. icosahedral Norovirus. Viral gastroenteritis (vomit diarrhea, cruise ships)
28
Flavivirus
Enveloped ssRNA + linear, Icosahedral HCV, Yellow fever, Dengue, St. Louis encephalitis, WNV --> All 4 from aedes
29
Togavirus
Enveloped ssRNA+ Icosahedral. Rubella --> german Measles. Usually mild Eastern equine encephalitis Western equine encephalitis
30
Retrovirus
Enveloped ss+linear HTLV - Icosahedral HIV - Complex Have RT HTLV --> T cell leukemia HIV --> AIDS
31
Corona Virus
enveloped +ssRNA Helical. Coronavirus --> common cold, and SARS/MERS
32
orthomyxoviruses
Enveloped -ssRNA, segmented (8). Helical Influenza
33
Paramyxovirus
Enveloped -ssRNA, nonsegmented, enveloped PaRaM Parainfluenza (croup) RSV --> Bronchiolitis in babies (Ribavirin = tx) Measles, Mumps
34
Rhabdovirus
enveloped, -ssRNA linear, helical Rabies
35
Filovirus
Enveloped -ssRNA linear, helical Ebola/Marburg hemorrhagic fevers
36
Arenavirus
Enveloped, -ssRNA (Circula 3 segments) Helical LCMV --> lymphocytic chroiomeningitis viruses. Lassa fever encehpalitis, spread by mice
37
Bunyaviruses
Enveloped ssRNA - circular (3 segments) helical California encephalitis, Sandfly/Rift valley fevers Crimean Congo hemorrhagic Hantavirus
38
delta
Enveloped -ssRNA circular HDV --> needs HBVs
39
Negative Stranded Viruses
Must transcribe - to +. Brings own RNA dependent RNA polymerase Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication Arena, Bunya, Paramyxovirus, orthomyxo, Filoviruses, Rhabdo
40
Segmented Viruses
BOAR Bunya, Orthomyxo, Arena, Reo
41
Picorna viruses:
PERCH, all translate 1 long peptide thats cleaved Cause aseptic meningitis (except rhino and HAV) All entero - Rhino
42
Rhinoviruses
Acid labile, doesn't infect GI
43
Yellow Fever viruses
Falviv viruses, arboviruses. Aedes Moneky or human reservois High fever, black vomitus, and jaundic Hemmorhage --> gum bleeds, hematemesis, petechial + purpuric skin lesions, epistaxis.
44
Rotaviruses:
Infantile gastroenteritis. dsDNA virues (Segmented) Vaccine all infants
45
Influenza
Orthomyxo. Enveloped - ssRNA 8 segments. Hemagglutinin (viral entry) Neuraminidase (Virion release). Patients at risk for bacterial superinfection. Rapid genetic changes. Killed = IM Live = intranasal
46
Shift vs drift
Flu A viruses ``` Shift = pandemics, reassorment Drift = epidemic, random mutation ```
47
Rubella
Togavirus. German measles or 3day measles. Fever, post auricular and other lymphadenopathies, arthalgias and fine rash. Mild in children Serious ToRCHeS infection Blueberry muffin appearance. Extramedullary hematopoiesis PDA, pulmonic stenosis MMR Vaccine
48
Paramyxovirus
Parainfluenza, RSV, Measles, Mumps Parainfluenza: Croup (seal like barking) (Steeple sign) mimics asthma RSV: Bronchilitis, pneumonia in infants All have F (fusion protein) Causes respiratory epithelium to fuse and form multinucelated cells PAlivizumab against F protein. prevents pneuomnia by RSV
49
Measles
Paramyxoviruses Koplik spots, corysa, Conjunctivitis, cough Descending* maculopapular rash (characteristic) Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (1:2000) occurs years later. Giant cell pneumonia in inmmunosuppressed *Vitamin A prevents exfoliative dermatitis Koplik appear then rash
50
Mumps
Paramyxovirus POM Parotitis, Orchitis, aspetic meningitis Sterility
51
Viral Meningitis
Coxsackie, Echovirus, Eneroviruses, mumps
52
Rhabies
Bullet shaped virus Negri bodies in cerebellum and hippocampus Long incubation Tx: wound cleansing and vaccination +/- Ig Retrograde transmission Fear malaise, photophobia, hydrophobia, paralysis, coma, death
53
HAV
RNA Picorna viruses F/O No carrier Short inubation. usually asymptomatic, only acute, and no carriers Asympto, Acute, Alone
54
HBV
DNA Hepadnavirus Parenteral, sexual, mother-fetal. Carriers. Long incuabation HCC risk --> integrates into host --> oncogene
55
HCV
Flavivirus RNA Primarily blood, IVDU, post transfusion. rarely sexual Carrier Long incubation Chronic inflammation --> HCC Chronic , Cirrhosis, Carcinoma, Carrier
56
HDV
RNA Delta viruses Parenteral, sexually, maternal fetal Superinfection (simulatenous w/ HBV) Coinfection (w/ established HBV) Defective viruses Super is worse than coinfection
57
HEV
RNA hepeviruses Like HAV. Bad in mothers/pregnants

Microbio (11 decks)

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