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Features, Mnemonics Flashcards

1
Q

Gram Stain Limitations

A

These Microbes May Lack Real Colors

Trepenoma, Mycobacterium, Mycoplasma, Legionella (mainly intracellular), Rickettsia, Chlamydia

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2
Q

Giemsa Staining

A

Certain Bugs Really Try my Patience

Chlamydia, Borrelia, Ricketssia, Trypanosomes, Plasmodium

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3
Q

PAS

A

Glycogen staining. Whipple Disease

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4
Q

Ziehl-Neelsen (Carbol fuchsin)

A

Acid Fast, Mycobacterium, and weakly Nocardia

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5
Q

Silver Stain

A

Legionella, PCP, H. pylori

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6
Q

Chocolate Agar with Factor V (NAD+) and Factor X (Hematin)

A

H. influenzae

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7
Q

Thayer Martin Media

A

AKA VPN agar. Neisseria

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8
Q

Bordet-Gengou Agar

A

Bordetella pertusis

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9
Q

Tellurite agar

A

Clostridum diptheriae

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10
Q

Loffler medium

A

clostridium diptheriae

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11
Q

Lowenstein Jensen Agar

A

M. TB

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12
Q

Eaton agar

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

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13
Q

Lactose fermenters

A

Pink colonies on MacConkey Agar. (Bile salts + crystal

E. coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Serratia

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14
Q

EMB Agar

A

E. coli, Green metallic sheen

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15
Q

Charcoal Yeast Extract Agar buffered with Iron and Cysteine

A

Legionella

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16
Q

Sabouraud agar

A

Fungus

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17
Q

Obligate Aerobes

A

Nagging Pest Must Breath

Nocardia, Pseudomonas. Mycobacterium, Bacillus.

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18
Q

Obligate Anaerobes

A

Anaerobes Can’t Breath Air

Clostridium, Bacteroides, Actinomyces

Lack catalase or superoxide dismutase. Susceptible to oxidative damage, foul smelling (SCFA), hard to culture, and produce gas in tissue.

Tx: Metronidazole or Clindamycin.

Oral Vanco w/ c. diff

Penicillin G w/ C. perferinges

Normal flora of GI tract. Pathogentic else where.

Aminoglycosides are ineffective, requier O2.

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19
Q

Obligate Intracellulars

A

Really Cold

Rickettsia, Chlamydia, Coxiella

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20
Q

Facultative Intracellular

A

Some Nasty Bugs May Liver FacultativeLY

Salmonella/Shigella, Neisseria, Brucella, Mycobacterium, Listeria, Francisella, Legionella, Yersinia

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21
Q

Encapsulated Bacteria

A

SHiNE SKiS

Strept pneumo, H. influenza (B capsule), Neisseria (Meningitis), E. coli, Salmonella, Klebsiella, GBS

Group A Strept: Hyaluronic Acid

B. anthracis Poly D

Capsule + Protein = Conjugate vaccine
HiB (diptheria), S. pneumoniae (kids IgG),

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22
Q

Catalase +

A

Cats N PLACESS

Nocardia, Pseudomonas, Listeria, Aspergillus, Candida, E. coli, Staph, Serratia

Problems w/ CGD

MPO –> Candida

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23
Q

Encapsulated Vaccines

A

Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (Prevnar)
(Children)

PPSV Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine w/ conjugation. Pneumovax (Adults)

H. influenzae type B (Conjugate vaccine)
Diptheria conguation

Meningococcal vaccine (conjugate) w/ Type A, C,D.  B
Not B
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24
Q

Urease +ve

A

CHuck norris hates PUNKSS

Cryptococcus, H. pylori, Proteus, Ureaplasma, Nocardia, Klebsiella, Staph epi, Staph saprophyticus

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25
Yellow Sulfur Granules
Actinomyces israelii
26
Yellow pigment
S. aureus
27
Blue Green
Pseudomonas
28
Red pigment
Marcescens
29
Protein A
S. aureus, binds Fc regions. prevents opsonization and phagocytosis.
30
IgA Protease
Strept. pneumo, Neiserria, H. influenzae Type B Cleaves IgA to colonize respiratory mucosa
31
M Protein
GAS. Prevents phagocytosis. Causes rheumatic fever.
32
ADP ribosylation of E2F
``` Diphetheria Toxin. Exotoxin A (Pseudo). ``` Cell death, pharyngitis w/ pseudomembrane neuropathy and myocarditis, arrythmia and heartblock. (diptheria) Host cell death in pseudomonas
33
Cleaves adenine off of 60s Ribosome.
Shiga toxin and SLT GI mucosal damage, dysentery, enhances cytokine release, endothelial damage. HUS E.coli doesn't invade, shigella does
34
Heath Labile Toxin
E. coli ETEC Overactivate AC (increase cAMP). Cause increase secretion of Cl- and H2O. Leading to watery diarrhea
35
Heat Stabile Toxin
E. coli ETEC Overactivates cGMP. Causes decreased absorption of Na and h20. causes water diarrhea
36
Edema Factor
Mimics AC. increase cAMP. Found in B anthracis. and B. pertusis.
37
Cholera toxin
Constitutively stimulates Gs (rather than AC of HLT). Causes massive increase in Cl secretion and H2O. Leads to rice water diarrhea.
38
Pertussis Toxin
Inhibits Gi, leading to increase cAMP. Imparing phagocytosis and cell recruitment Lymphocytosis, but not at sight of infection
39
Tetanospasm
Cleaves SNARE in renshaw cells. leading to impaired release of GABA and glycine. Tetanospasm
40
Botulinum toxin
Cleaves SNARE of ACh, leads to flaccid paralysis.
41
Lecithinase
C. perfringens Cleaves lecithin in cell membranes. Gas gangrene, myonercrosis, hemolysis (double zone)
42
Streptolysin O
S. pyogenes Degrades cell membrane. B hemoylsis, ASO titer ( In rheumatic fever), not PSGN
43
TSST-1
S. aureus Binds MHCII and TCR --> Massive response, IFN-y and IL-2. Scalded skin syndrome, and food posioning too
44
Exotoxin A (Strept)
Scarlet fever, Toxic shock syndrome, and scarlet fever
45
Endotoxin
Activates Macrophages (IL-1, TNF-a, NO) Complement (C3a, C5a) TF --> DIC ENDOTOXIN Edema, NO, DIC, Outermembrane, TNF-a, O-antigen, eXtremely heat stabile, IL-1 Neutrophil chemotaxis
46
Specialized Transduction
``` ABCDE shigA toxin Botulinum Cholrea Diptheria Erythrogenic GAS ``` Excision event of phage As opposed to packaging event of phage (generalized tranduction) More like Transpostion w/ a phage
47
Nematode Routes of Infection
EAT SANd LOW Enterobius vermicularis, Ascariasis, Toxocara canis (F/O) Strongyloides, Ancylostoma, Necator (Skin/ground) Loa Loa, Onchocerca volvulus, Wuchereria bancrofti (INsects)
48
Live Vaccines: Cell mediated and Humoral
Small pox, yellow fever, chickenpox, sabin polio, MMR, INtranasal flu
49
Killed Vaccines: RIP Always, salK Only humoral
Rhabies, Influenza injection, poloio (salk), HAV
50
Recombinant
HBV, HPV
51
DNA viral genomes
All but parvo are dsDNA, All but polyoma, papilloma, and hepadna are liner
52
RNA Viral Genomes
i went to a RETRO TOGA party, where i drank FLAVored CORONA and ate HIPPY (hepe) CALIfornia PICkles All are ssRNA, except reo virus Most +'ve strand (like mRNA)
53
Naked viral infectivity
most dsDNA and +RNA are infective naked
54
Viral Replication
DNA: Nucleus, except Pox RNA: Cytoplasm, except influenza and retro
55
Viral Envelopes: No envelopes
PAPP smears and CPR to a naked HEPpy Papillomavirus, adenovirus, parvovirus, polyomavirus, calcivirus, picronavirus, reovirus, and hepevirus
56
DNA Viruses
HHAPPPP viruses: Hepadna, Herpes, Adeno, Pox, Polyoma, papilloma, parvo, dsDNA: Except Parvo Linear: except Papilloma, polyoma, hepadna Icosahedral: except pox Replicate in nucleus: except Pox (carries own DNA dependent RNA polymerase)
57
Neg strand RNA
Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication Arenavirus, Bunyaviruses, Paramyxo, Orthomyxo, Filo, Rhabdo
58
Segmented
BOAR | Bunya, Ortho, Arena, Reo
59
Normal Flora: Skin
S. epidermidis
60
Normal Flora: Nose
S. epidermidis, S. aureus
61
Normal Flora: Oropharynx
Viridians Strept
62
Normal Flora: Dental Plaque
S. Mutans
63
Normal Flora: Colon
B. fragilis > E. coli
64
Normal Flora: Vagina
Lactobacillus,>>> E.coli, GBS
65
Food Poisoning: Reheated Rich
B. cereus
66
Food Poisoning: Bulging cans/improper cans
C. botulinum
67
Food Poisoning: Reheated Meat dishes
C. perfringens
68
Food Poisoning: Undercooked meat
E. coli O157:H7
69
Food Poisoning: Poulty, meat, eggs
Salmonella
70
Food Poisoning: Meats, mayonnaise, custard (preformed)
S. aureus
71
Food Poisoning: Seafood
V. parahaemolyticus and vulnificus
72
Bloody Diarrhea:
``` Campylobacter E. histolytica EHEC EIEC Salmonella Shigella Y. enterolitica ```
73
Watery Diarrhea
``` C. diff C. perfringens ETEC Protozoa (Cryptosporidium or Giardia) V. cholera Virsues (rota or noro) ```
74
Pneumonia: IV/ETOH users
S. pneuoniae, Klebsiella, staph
75
Pneumonia: Aspiration
anaerobes
76
Pneumonia: Atypicals
Mycoplasma, legionella, chlamydia
77
Pneumonia: CF
Pseudomonas >> S. aureus, S. pneuoniae
78
Pneumonia: IC
Staph, enteric gram neg rods, fungi, virus, PCP
79
Pneumonia: Nosocomial
Staph, Pseudo, other GNR
80
Pneumonia: Post Viral
Staph, Hib, S. pneumo
81
Pneumonia: Neonates
GBS > E. coli
82
Pneumonia: Children 4w-18y
RSV, Myco, C. trachomatis, C. pneuoniae, S. pneuoniae,
83
Pneumonia: Adults 18-40
Myco, C. pneuoniae, S. pneumoniae
84
Pneumonia: Adults 40-60
S. pneuoniae, HiB, ANaerobes, Viruses, mycoplasm
85
Pneumonia: Elderly
S. pneuoniae, influenza, anaerobes, hib, GNR
86
Meningitis: Newborn 0-6m
GBS, E. coli, listeria
87
Meningitis: Children 6m - 6y
S. pneumoniae, N. menigitidis, HiB, Enteroviruses
88
Meningitis: 6y-60y
S.pneuoniae, N. meningitidis (#1 in teens), enteroviruses, HSV
89
Meningitis: 60y+
S. pneumoniae, GNR, Listeria
90
Osteomyelitis: Overall
S. aureus
91
Osteomyelitis: Sexually active
N. gonorrhea
92
Osteomyelitis: DM/IV
Pseudo > serratia
93
Osteomyelitis: Sickle Cell
Salmonella
94
Osteomyelitis: Prosthetic joint
S. aureus or epidermidis
95
Osteomyelitis: Cat or dog bites
Pasteurella multocida
96
Leukocyte esterase test
Look for WBC in urine: UTI. + bacterial UTI
97
Nitrite test
UTI + GN bacteria
98
UTI Tx:
Bactrim, amiopenicillin, FQ
99
Congenital Toxoplasma
Maternal: asymptomatic Child: Triad: Chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, intracranial calicifications
100
Congenital Rubella
Maternal: Rash, lymphadenopathy, arthritis Child: Triad: PDA (or pulm a. hypoplasia), cataracts, deafness "Blue berry muffin" Extramedullary hematopoiesis
101
Congenital CMV
Mother: Asymptomatic or Mono like Child: Unilateral hearing loss, seizures, petechial rash "blue berrry muffin"
102
Congenital HIV
Mother: Variable Child: Recurrent infections, diarrhea (Chronic) Prevent with Zidovudine, HAART, C section
103
Congenital HSV-2
Mother: Usually Asymptomatic or Lesions Child: Encephalitis, lesiosn
104
Congenital Syphilis
Mother: Chancre, or 2ndary most like to go to baby Child: Still birth, hydrops fetalis. Notched teeth, sadle nose, sabrer shins, deafness
105
Vesicular rash on palms and soles. Vesicles and ulcers in oral mucosa
Coxsackie virus type A
106
Macular rash over body after several days of high fever (febrile seizures)
Roseola (HHV-6)
107
Biginning at head, moving down. Preceding w/ cough, coryza, conjunctivitis, and koplik spots
Measles
108
Slapped Check rash on face (hydrops fetalis in prengancy)
Erythema infectiosum 5th disase Parvo B19
109
Fine truncal rash starting at head and moving down. Post auricular lymphadenopathy
Rubella (toga viruses) German measles
110
Erythematous, sandpaper like rash w/ fever adn pharyngitis
Scarlet fever, strept pyogenes
111
Vesicular rash on trunk --> Face and extremities. Lesions of different ages
VZV, chicken pox

Microbio (11 decks)

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