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Microbiology > Viruses > Flashcards

Viruses Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is a virus

A

very small infectious obligate intracellular parasite

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2
Q

what is a progeny viron

A

fromed in host cell

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3
Q

what does a progeny viron do?

A

means of transmitting of virus to next host cell

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4
Q

what are a viruses properties of life

A
  1. cellular respiration
  2. reproduction
  3. metabolism
  4. hereditory
  5. responcivness
  6. growth and development
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5
Q

what does a host provide for a virus to reproduce and spread to a new host

A

> nucleotides for nucelic acids
ribosomes and amino acids for translation of proteins
ATP for enegry
Golgi and ER for protein processing

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6
Q

what are nucleotides useful for

A

nucleic acids

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7
Q

what are ribosomes and amino acids useful for

A

translation of proteins

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8
Q

what is ATP useful for

A

energy

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9
Q

what is the golgi and ER useful for

A

protein processing

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10
Q

how are viruses categorised (topic and subtopic)

A

nucelic acid– DNA/RNA
capsid symmetry – helical, icosahedral, complex
presence/absence of envelope– naked/enveloped
genome charictoristics

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11
Q

what makes a virus

A 
nucleic acid (DNA/RNA)
protein  coat (CAPSID) surrounding nucleic acid
sometimes envelope sometime a capsule
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12
Q

describe bacteriophage

A

infect and replicate within bacteria
highley virulent for bacteria
complex structure
classified by shape and nucleic acid

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13
Q

what is bacteriophage structure

A

head, collar, tail, tailspins, tail fibres

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14
Q

what is bacteriophage life cycle

A
  1. attachment
  2. penetration/entry (injection)
  3. Synthesis of nucleic acid and protein
  4. assembly and packaging
  5. release (lysis)
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15
Q

describe attachment

A

> all viruses have attachment proteins on outside
protein attaches to specific receptors on host cell surface
receptors are normal proteins found on outside of the host cell

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16
Q

what is lambada an example of

A

bacteriphage

17
Q

describe lambada

A

bacteriophage, temperate, has 2 life cycles

enters either the lytic pathway or lysogenic pathway depending on series of complicated genetic events

18
Q

describe lytic cycle

A

infected bacteria are production factory for lambada and are lysed to release new bacteriophage

19
Q

describe lysogenic cycle

A

bacteriophage genome is incorporated into bacterial host chromosome by genetic recombination that occurs at specific sites on chromosome

20
Q

what is prophage

A

name for bacteriophage DNA when inserted in bacterial host chromosome

21
Q

name a plant virus

A

tabacco mosaic virus

22
Q

describe tobacco mosaic virus

A

helical symmetry, 2130 identical capsomers
helical nucleocapsid
Viral DNA

23
Q

where is envelope on virus derived from

A

cell, golgi or nuclear membrane

24
Q

example of enveloped virus

A

measles/ influenza

25
Q

describe plaque assay

A

virus innoculated on monolayer of cells/ bacteria overlay of agar added
virus can only spread from cell to cell
holes or plaques of dead cells in monolayer
modifications are used if virus does not form plaques

26
Q

what is a plaque layer used for

A

isolate single virus

27
Q

name effects of virus infection on cell

A
  1. lysis- cell death
  2. transformation - tumor formation
  3. cytopathic effect- under microscope
  4. persistent infection of cell
  5. latent infection of cell (can become lytic)
28
Q

describe virus glycoproteins

A

matrix protein links virus nucleocapsid to membrane.

form spikes on outside of virus

29
Q

what are glycoproteins the main antigens for

A

immune systems

30
Q

describe enveloped virus cell cycle

A

envelope fuses with cell membrane,
synthesis of nucleic acid genome and viral proteins
ER of cell makes viral glycoproteins
progency viruses bud from cell
cell membrane remains intact doesn’t kill host

31
Q

what is an envelope

A

lipid bilayer with glycoprotein spikes

32
Q

describe human immunodeficiency virus

A

single stranded
enveloped
retrovirus (RNA)
has virus latency

33
Q

describe primary cell culture

A

obtained from live animal tissue – limited life

34
Q

what is the life of a primary cell culture

A

limited

35
Q

describe diploid cell lines

A

homogenous cells from embryo

divide around 100x then die

36
Q

where do diploid cell lines come from

A

embryo

37
Q

describe continuous cell lines?

A

imortal cell lines (never stops growing)

usually from cancerous cell

38
Q

where do continuous cell lines usually come from

A

cancerous cell

39
Q

what is virus latency

A

allows virus to avoid detection by immune system

Microbiology (7 decks)

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