changes in genetic code Flashcards
define mutations
changes in genetic code
define mutatnt
organism with a mutation
define wild-type
organism without mutation
what effects can happen with a mutation of a gene?
alter product of gene
prevent gene from functioning properly or completely
or have no effect
how many types of mutations
3
name the mutations
point, frameshift, deletion
describe point mutation
addition, deletion or substitution of a base can have different results
how many results can occur from a point mutation
3
name the results that can occur from a point mutation
nonsense
missense
silent
describe nonsense
changes normal codon to stop codon
describe missense
change in a single amino acid
describe silent mutation
changes amino acid codon but not the amino acid
what is a deletion
removal of one or more nucleotide from the DNA
what can deletions alter?
alter frame of reading
is a deletion reversible or irreversible
irreversible
what is a frameshift mutation due to?
due to deletion or addition of bases
what can a frame shift mutation do?
alter way in which triplets are read
alters Amino acid codons
alters ultimately the gene product
name the mechanisms of mutation
spontaneous
mutagens
how many mechanisms of mutation are there?
2
describe spontaneous mutation
DNA replication and repair
erroneous base pairing
describe mutagen mutation
chemical, radiation
