gene transfer(bacterial genetics) Flashcards
describe the process of conjugation
plus of donor cell attaches to receptor on recipient cell and retracts to draw cells together
an opening/pore forms between call walls creating a bridge to transmit genetic material
what is congugation
requires the attachment of 2 related species and formation of a bridge that can transport DNA
what is an F plasmid
F= fertility and contains ori T and Tra region
for conjugation what do you need
plasmid donor strain (F+) recipient strain (F-)
what are the end products of conjugation?
2 strands with F+ plasmid
describe Hfr (high frequency conjugation)
F factor inserted in bacterial chromosone
enitre bacterial genome transferred
F factor is the last one transfered
what factor is the last transferred in Hfr
F factor
which part of bacterial genome is transferred in Hfr
all of it
what do you need for Hfr
Hfr strain and F strain
what are the end products of Hfr
Hfr strain and F strain with Hfr strain
describe mapping bacterial genome using Hfr conjugation?
genes transfered in order
interrupted mating gives position of genes
occurs naturally in some bacteria
good for knowing position of genes in genome
what is mapping bacterial genome good for finding out
the position of genes in genome
how do you find the position of genes in mapping
interrupted mating
what way are the genes transferred in mapping bacterial genome using Her
in order
what genes are transferred in genetic transfer
antibiotic resistance
virulence factors
metabolism genes that allow bacteria to change their energy source
what is a transpoon
small pieces of DNA that ‘jump’ around the chromosome or highjack a ride to transfer from bacterium to bacterium
what is a plasmid
circular piece of DNA that carries extra genes. eg. antibiotic resistance or metabolic genes
what do plasmids carry
extra genes eg. antibiotic resistance
what types of traits are studied (2 types)
bacteria bacteriophage
what traits of bacteria are studied
need for nutrient
(PROTOTROPIC or AUXOTROPIC)
morphology of colonies
resistance and sensitivity to antibiotics
define prototropic
grown on minimal medium
define auxotropic
must have specific nutrients added to medium
what traits are studied in bacterophage
host ability to infect specific bacteria
appearance of plaques show growth
define transduction
DNA transfer mediated by bacterial virus
