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Microbiology > gene transfer(bacterial genetics) > Flashcards

gene transfer(bacterial genetics) Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

describe the process of conjugation

A

plus of donor cell attaches to receptor on recipient cell and retracts to draw cells together
an opening/pore forms between call walls creating a bridge to transmit genetic material

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2
Q

what is congugation

A

requires the attachment of 2 related species and formation of a bridge that can transport DNA

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3
Q

what is an F plasmid

A

F= fertility and contains ori T and Tra region

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4
Q

for conjugation what do you need

A 
plasmid
donor strain (F+)
recipient strain (F-)
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5
Q

what are the end products of conjugation?

A

2 strands with F+ plasmid

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6
Q

describe Hfr (high frequency conjugation)

A

F factor inserted in bacterial chromosone
enitre bacterial genome transferred
F factor is the last one transfered

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7
Q

what factor is the last transferred in Hfr

A

F factor

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8
Q

which part of bacterial genome is transferred in Hfr

A

all of it

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9
Q

what do you need for Hfr

A

Hfr strain and F strain

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10
Q

what are the end products of Hfr

A

Hfr strain and F strain with Hfr strain

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11
Q

describe mapping bacterial genome using Hfr conjugation?

A

genes transfered in order
interrupted mating gives position of genes
occurs naturally in some bacteria
good for knowing position of genes in genome

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12
Q

what is mapping bacterial genome good for finding out

A

the position of genes in genome

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13
Q

how do you find the position of genes in mapping

A

interrupted mating

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14
Q

what way are the genes transferred in mapping bacterial genome using Her

A

in order

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15
Q

what genes are transferred in genetic transfer

A

antibiotic resistance
virulence factors
metabolism genes that allow bacteria to change their energy source

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16
Q

what is a transpoon

A

small pieces of DNA that ‘jump’ around the chromosome or highjack a ride to transfer from bacterium to bacterium

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17
Q

what is a plasmid

A

circular piece of DNA that carries extra genes. eg. antibiotic resistance or metabolic genes

18
Q

what do plasmids carry

A

extra genes eg. antibiotic resistance

19
Q

what types of traits are studied (2 types)

A

bacteria bacteriophage

20
Q

what traits of bacteria are studied

A

need for nutrient
(PROTOTROPIC or AUXOTROPIC)
morphology of colonies
resistance and sensitivity to antibiotics

21
Q

define prototropic

A

grown on minimal medium

22
Q

define auxotropic

A

must have specific nutrients added to medium

23
Q

what traits are studied in bacterophage

A

host ability to infect specific bacteria

appearance of plaques show growth

24
Q

define transduction

A

DNA transfer mediated by bacterial virus

25
Q

what is used as a vector in transduction

A

bacteriophage

26
Q

what is the purpose of a bacteriophage in transduction

A

a vector

27
Q

name the two types of vector used in transduction

A

specialised and generalised

28
Q

define a specialised vector

A

highley specicfic pieces DNA will be transferred

29
Q

define a generalised vector

A

any piece from host DNA will be transferred

30
Q

what do you need for transduction

A

bacteriophage

susceptible bacteria

31
Q

what is the end product of transduction

A

same bacteria, new genes

32
Q

define transformation

A

transfer of naked DNA

33
Q

what do you need for transformation

A

competent cells

naked DNA

34
Q

what do you end up with in transformation

A

same cells

new DNA

35
Q

describe transformation

A

ability of bacteria to pick up small pieces of DNA from lysed bacteria in an environment

36
Q

bacteria that can take up small pieces of DNA from lysed bacteria in the environment are referred to as?

A

competent

37
Q

can transformation occur naturally?

A

yes

38
Q

what can transformation be affected by?

A

artificial means in bacteria

39
Q

what DNA exists other than chromosomes

A

plasmid and transpoons

40
Q

describe a transpoon and what it can do

A

small regions of DNA move from one region of DNA to another

you can insert it within a gene and inactivate it

41
Q

what do complex transpoons carry

A

enterotoxins or antibiotic resistance

Microbiology (7 decks)

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