viruses

Question 1

differences between viruses and bacteria

Answer 1

unicellular vs needs host
antibiotics vs immunity
cell wall/dna loop/plasmid vs nucleic acid and capsid

Question 2

what is the host for lambda bacteriophage

Answer 2

e. coli bacteria

Question 3

nucleic acid core for lambda

Answer 3

double stranded dna, copy to mrna

Question 4

how to treat tobacco mosaic

Answer 4

kill all crops and start fresh

Question 5

nucleic acid core of tobacco mosiac

Answer 5

single strand rna, direct copy to mrna

Question 6

nucleic acid core of ebola

Answer 6

rna, direct copy to mrna

Question 7

nucleic acid core of hiv

Answer 7

rna is reverse transcribed to dna, incorporated into host cells dna then transcribed to mrna

Question 8

how HIV infects human cells

Answer 8

have glycoproteins used for attachment onto cd4 receptors onto t helper cells
fuse with virus and cell membrane

Question 9

why do viruses only infect certain cells

Answer 9

• can only reproduce in specific host cells
• because can only attach to certain receptors
• if not, are destroyed by phagocytosis/ white blood cells

Question 10

how are new viruses made

Answer 10

• rna is synthesised
• using host cell enzymes, ribosomes and atp
• creating new viral proteins
• proteins and rna create new viruses

Question 11

genetic material differences in bacteria and viruses

Answer 11

• bacteria are dna, viruses are dna or rna
• bacteria have circular dna, viruses have linear

Question 12

examples of different types of viruses

Answer 12

dna virus - lambda
rna - tobacco mosiac and ebola
rna retrovirus - hiv

Question 13

what is the lytic cycle

Answer 13

where viral proteins and capsids are translated made inside a cell, so viruses multiple and cells eventfully lose

Question 14

what is viral dormancy

Answer 14

viral dna incorporated into host cell
virus is dormant and divides with the host cell but has no pathogenic effect