Virus, Hepatitis and Herpes (complete) Flashcards
What is the classification for Herpesviridae
DNA
Icosahedral
Enveloped
Double Stranded (linear)
What are the strains of Herpes virus found in the oral cavity
HSV-1 (Herpes Simplex Virus)
HSV-2
EBV (Epstein-Barr virus)
CMV (Cytomegalo Virus)
Where are HSV-`1 infections usually found
in HSV infections above the waist
where are HSV-2 infections usually found
in HSV infections below the waist
Are Herpes infections often latent infections
yes
What are the 8 human herpes viruses
Herpes Simplex Virus-1 (HSV-1) HHV-1 Herpes Simplex Virus-2 (HSV-2) HHV-2 Varicella zoster Virus (VZV) HHV-3 Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) HHV-4 Cytomegalo Virus (CMV) HHV-5 Herpes Simplex Virus-6 HHV-6 Herpes Simplex Virus-7 HHV-7 Herpes Simplex Virus-8 HHV-8
Where are HSV-1 and HSV-2 located in the human body
in the nerve ganglia
where is EBV found in the human body
in resting B cells
Where is CMV found in the human body
in the salivary glands??
Who is most susceptible to primary herpes
6 month to 6 year old children (adults are not very susceptible, except as STD)
What is caused by primary herpes
Gingivostomatitis
how many adults are Ab + to primary herpes
80%
how is primary herpes transmitted
saliva, kissing, close contact, fomites (toys)
how does primary herpes express on skin
excema, whilow, herpes gladitorum
how does primary herpes express on the cornea
keratojunctivitis
What type of herpes causes cold sores and fever blisters
HSV-1
Is ocular herpes primary herpes, or reactivation of latent herpes
reactivation of latent herpes
What happens to Herpes viridae after primary gingivostomatitis
the virus hangs out in the Trigeminal ganglion, then can be reactivated in the maxillary, mandibular and opthalmic branches of the nerve
What causes Herpes to reactivate
stress, excessive sunlight, fever, trauma, immunosuppression
What is the main difference between the infection steps of Herpesviridae and other viruses
Herpes viridae blocks the
What can secondary herpes virus cause
Blindness Meningoencephalitis Fulminant HSV Transfer to fetus upon birth whitlow herpes gladitorum pharyngitis, autoinoculation loss of bladder control pyschological trauma interrupted personal relationship stillbirths, spontaneous abortions
What does EBV cause
burkitt’s lymphoma
hodgkins disease
how does an EBV infection differ from first to third world countries
in third world it is mostly asymptomatic
in the first world it is a delayed infection, infectious mononucleosis
How does EBV get transmitted
salivary droplets, oral-respiratory
where does the EBV replicate
in nasopharynx and salivary glands
What are the symptoms of an EBV? (mono)
Sore throat, malaise, fever-chills, headache, anorexia, profound fatigue
What is the most susceptible age group to EBV infection
18-22 years old
What do we do for EBV infections
we don’t have a vaccine, and it is not sensitive to chemotherapy
What causes chicken pox
HHV-3 (VZV)
how does chicken pox relate to shingles
chicken pox is the is the primary infection HHV-3, shingles is the reactivation of that HHV-3 infection
What can CMV HHV-5 cause
in utero congenital infection, can cause mental retardation
Which two strands of HHV cause Roseola
HHV-6, and HHV-7
Which strand of HSV is associated with a kaposi sarcome
HHV-8
What is hepatitis
infection/inflammation of the liver
What is the classification of the hepadnaviridae (Hepatitis B)
DNA
Icosahedral
Enveloped
Double Stranded (circular) gapped
How is Hepadnaviridae transmitted
Parenteral inoculation (IDU, Tattoo needles, blood needles, dental instruments)
Sex
Transplacental
Oral (not common - requires 50x more virus)
what is the average incubation period for hepadnaviridae HEP B
75 days
What are the preicteric (before jaundice) symptoms of hepadnaviridae HEP B
anorexia, malaise, nausea, diarrhea, fever, abdominal discomfort
What are the icteric (jaundice) symptoms of hepadnaviridae HEP B
Dark urine, light colored stools, release of liver enzymes, possible cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, death
what are the two most likely outcome of hepadnaviridae HEP B infections
fairly quick recovery and death
How can hepadnaviridae HEP B infections be prevented
screen blood donors, screen units of blood, limited sex, no drug abuse, hygeine.
Vaccination
How is a hepadnaviridae HEP B infection treated
IFN - alpha and beta
lamivudine and famciclovir (DNA polymerase inhibitor)
What is the common name for Flaviviridae viruse
Hepatitus C virus
what is the classification for flaviviridae virus
RNA Icosahedral Enveloped Single Stranded Positive
what is used to treat HEP C
ritonavir, ombitasvir, dasabuvir, ribavirin
What is the virus that causes HEP A
Picornavirus
What is the classification of picornavirus
RNA Icosahedral Naked Single Stranded Positive
what are the main problematic symptoms of HEP A
jaundice, liver degeneration, and death
how is HEP A transmitted
the fecal-oral route (contaminated food and water
Shellfish
Drug abuse (needles)
Sexual Contact
how is HEP A prevented
hygeine, vaccination
who is the HEP A vaccine recommended for
those traveling to endemic countries MSMs IDUs People who receive blood products children and adolescents with historically high HEP a rates NOT FOR PEOPLE WITH LIVER DISEASE
