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DMD 5245 > viral respiratory viruses (complete) > Flashcards

viral respiratory viruses (complete) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the best idea of where influenza originated>

A

Geese and Ducks (migratory waterfowl)

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2
Q

What is the classification of orthomyxoviridae (influenza)

A

RNA, Helical, Enveloped, Single Strand, Negative, 8 Segments

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3
Q

What are the two important antigens on the influenza envelope

A 
(H) = hemaglutanin
(N) = Neuroaminidase
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4
Q

What are the three types of Influenza virus

A

A, B, and C

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5
Q

What is the difference between A, B and C types of influenza virus

A

A - undergoes antigenic shift and drift
B - undergoes antigenic drift
C - relatively stable

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6
Q

Which two types of influenza virus infect humans A, B, or C

A

A and B

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7
Q

What does the H antigen do for Influenza virus

A

helps the virion attach, and lyse RBCs

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8
Q

What does the N antigen do for influenza virus

A

helps the virion separate from each other and infect

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9
Q

What does flu immunizations target

A

the H antigen

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10
Q

What does neuraminidase inhibitors target

A

the N antigen

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11
Q

What is an antigenic shift

A

when multiple strains of influenza infect the same cell, and mix up the 8 segments of their genome. This creates a brand new strain of influenza

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12
Q

What does an antigenic shift cause

A

a pandemic, the population has no immunity against the new strain

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13
Q

what is antigenic drift

A

a lot of base-pair mutations due to lack of repair mechanisms. As it happens more and more the genome becomes quite changed

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14
Q

What is a U age vs. death response

A

mostly young children and old die, not age groups between

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15
Q

What is a W age vs. death response

A

when young children, healthy adults, and the old die

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16
Q

What type of age vs. death response does influenza cause

A

W (the healthy young adults die because their immune system is so good and the flu kills by making it overactive)

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17
Q

What made the 2009 H1N1 flu pandemic so bad

A

you had antigenic shift with the familiar triple reassortment (swine, avian, human) and a new eurasian swine. This caused a new strain of flu for which the public didn’t have immunity

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18
Q

What is the recommended 2016 trivalent flu vaccine

A

A/California/7/2009 (H1N1)
A/Switzerland/9715293/2013
B/Phuket/3073/2013

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19
Q

What is the recommended 2016 quadrivalent flu vaccine

A

A/California/7/2009 (H1N1)
A/Switzerland/9715293/2013
B/Phuket/3073/2013
B/Brisbane/60/2008

20
Q

how effective are flu vaccines

A

about 60% effective

21
Q

What is the peak month of flu activity

A

February

22
Q

Which typically causes more cases of influenza type A or Type B

A

Type A

23
Q

What are the 4 ways we attempt to control the flu

A
  1. Neutralizing Antibody
  2. M2 channel blockers
  3. RNA replication
  4. Neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs)
24
Q

What are the two common neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs)

A

Tamiflu

Relenza

25
Q

What are the common M2 channel blockers

A

Amantidine (Flu-A, needs to be early)

Rimantidine (fewer neurological side effects)

26
Q

What is ribvarin

A

a broad spectrum antiviral for both influenza A and B

27
Q

how effective are neuraminidase inhibitors

A

that is still in question

28
Q

What are the main viruses in the paramyxoviridae family

A

parainfluenza
mumps
measles
Respiratory syncytial virus

29
Q

What are the classifications of the parainfluenza virus

A 
RNA
helical
enveloped
single stranded
negative
30
Q

What is the most common manifestation of parainfluenza virus

A

croup (however it can be caused by influenza and RSV)

31
Q

besides croup, what can parainfluenza cause

A

bronchiolitis
pneumonia
flu-like tracheobronchitis
Coryza-like illness

32
Q

What do we use to fight parainfluenza

A

nothing, no chemotherapy or vaccine

33
Q

What is the classification of RSV

A 
RNA
Helical
Enveloped
Single Stranded
Negative
(part of the paramyxovirus family)
34
Q

What does RSV cause

A

Children: croup, bronchiolitis, pneumonia potentially fatal

Older Children: Colds

35
Q

What do we use to treat RSV

A

oxygen, humidifier, IV fluids

Ribvarin nasal inhalation in severe cases

36
Q

What is the classification of the coronavirus

A 
RNA
helical
enveloped
Single stranded
positive
37
Q

What does the coronavirus cause

A

URT infection “bad sore throat” cold

SARS

38
Q

what virus causes SARS

A

the coronavirus

39
Q

What is the classification of adenoviruses

A

DNA
Icosahedral
naked
double stranded (linear)

40
Q

What does the adenovirus cause

A

URT infections

41
Q

what is our treatment for adenovirus infections

A

don’t have one

42
Q

Is there a vaccine against adenovirus

A

yes, but it is basically only given to military

43
Q

What is the main viral cause of the common cold

A

rhinoviruses

corona viruses are second

44
Q

What family does the rhinovirus belong to

A

picornaviridae

45
Q

what is the classification of the picornavirdae

A 
RNA
Icosahedral
Naked
single stranded 
positive
46
Q

What is the optimum temperature for the picornaviridae (rhinovirus)

A

33 C, the temp in the nose

DMD 5245 (15 decks)

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