Virus Flashcards
Virus Capsid
Protein sheath around nucleic acids
Virus Envelope
in some viruses, formed around capsid with viral proteins and host’s lipids
Virion
1 viral cell
Viral structure
core of nucleic acid surrounded by protein
Classified by nature of Genome. 3 types are
DNA viruses
RNA viruses (most common)
Retroviruses: RNA viruses that use reverse transcriptase (= backwards transcription) to convert its genes to DNA
Host Range
suitable cells for a virus
DNA viruses characteristics
Most are double-stranded
Replicated in nucleus of eukaryotic host cell
Fewer mutations
RNA virus characteristics
Most are single-stranded
Replicated in cytosol of eukaryotic host cell
RNA replication high in mutations constantly changing difficult for host, vaccines, and drugs
Retrovirus characteristics
employ reverse transcriptase
Specialized RNA virus
Tissue tropism
types of cells within host which can infect by recognizing cell surface proteins on host
Virus can reproduce
only in host cell
Virus reproduce only in host, why?
Outside, it is metabolically inert virion
Lack enzymes and ribosomes for transcription and translation
Viral genes translated into proteins by host viral proteins assemble more viruses within host
Early genes
before replication; viral proteins.
Middle genes
replication of viral nucleic acids and production of viral capsid proteins.
Late Genes
after replication. proteins for assembly and release
3 viral shapes
Helical = rod-shaped (most viruses)
Isometric - spiral
Icosahedral = spherical
Some viruses are complex
Poxviruses have multilayered capsid
T-even bacteriophages (ex. T2,T4,T6) have binal symmetry = both icosahedral and helical portions
Enveloped viruses are
polymorphic = no distinctive symmetry