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POD MID > Virulence Factors > Flashcards

Virulence Factors Flashcards

1
Q

is a causative agent of nosocomial infections due to living in biofilm

A

P. aeruginosa

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2
Q

bacteria grow in biofilms, in
which they are protected against disinfectants.
Workers in cooling towers, persons working in air
conditioned rooms and people taking a shower are
exposed to

A

Legionellosis

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3
Q

spreading factor. It is produced by streptococci, staphylococci and clostridia.
The enzyme attacks the interstitial cement (“ground substance”) of connective tissue

A

Hyaluronidase

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4
Q

produced by Cl. perfringens.
It breaks down collagen, the framework of muscles,
which facilitates gas gangrene due to these organisms.

A

Collagenase

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5
Q

produced by intestinal pathogens such as V. cholerae and Sh. dysenteriae. It degrades sialic acid, an intercellular cement of the epithelial cells of the intestinal mucosa.

A

Neuraminidase

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6
Q

Kinase enzymes convert inactive plasminogen to plasmin which digests fibrin and prevents clotting of the blood and allows more rapid diffusion of the infectious bacteria.

A

Streptokinase and staphylokinase

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7
Q

produced by Cl. perfringens, destroy (phosphatidyl choline) in cell membranes.

A

Lecithinases

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8
Q

produced by Cl. perfringens (i.e., alphatoxin), hydrolyze phospholipids in cell membranes by removal of polar head groups.

A

Phospholipases

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9
Q

produced by staphylococci (i.e., alphatoxin), streptococci (i.e., streptolysin) and various clostridia, that destroy red blood cells and other cells (i.e., phagocytes) by lysis.

A

Hemolysins

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10
Q

destroys both PML and macrophages.

A

Leukocidin

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11
Q

breaks down fat

A

Lipase

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12
Q

Coagulase, formed by S. aureus, is a cell-associated and diffusible enzyme that converts fibrinogen to fibrin which causes clotting.

A

Staphylococcal coagulase:

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13
Q

produced by N. gonorrhoeae, N. meningitidis, H. influenzae and S. Pneumoniae. It degrades the secretory IgA on mucous surfaces and thus eliminates protection of the host by antibody.

A

Immunoglobulin A (IgA) protease

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14
Q

survive by inhibiting

phagosome-lysosome fusion.

A

M. tuberculosis and Legionella

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15
Q

quickly escapes the phagosome into the cytoplasm

before phagosome-lysosome formation.

A

Listeria

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16
Q
  • The genes are carried on plasmids or bacteriophages rather than chromosomes.
  • Diffuse
  • +/-
  • toxoidable
  • release during life cell
A

Exogenic

17
Q

———- component binds,———enzymaically active

A

B

A

18
Q

bind non-specifically, activate large
numbers of T cells which in turn release large amounts of
cytokines.

A

Superantigens

19
Q

small proteins that regulate immune responses and in high
concentrations can cause many symptoms and signs: fever, nausea,
vomiting, diarrhea, shock and even death

A

Cytokines

20
Q

secrete hemolysins that cause the

complete lysis of RBC’s

A

Beta Hemolytic Streptococci (exo)

21
Q

preparations of exotoxins chemically treated to destroy their toxigenicity but retain their ability to elicit antibody formation in the body.
(Immunizes exotoxins)

A

Toxoid

22
Q

-produced only by Gram-negative
bacteria and released only when bacteria lyze.
-lipopolysaccharide
of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria;Lipid A
-@ bacterial chromosomes
-release upon cell lysis

A

Endotoxins

23
Q

produces IL-1 and TNF → fever-shock

A

Macrophages

24
Q

C3a and C5a→ release of mast cell

mediator as bradykinin→ vasodilatation and hypotension

A

Complement

25
Q

early component of coagulation

→DIC→THROMBOSIS

A

Hageman factor

26
Q

are mobile genetic DNA segments inserted into chromosome or plasmid

A

pathogenicity islands (PIs)

27
Q

Bacteria change antigenicity of their surface as in (N. gonorrhea -Borrelia) to escape immune response

A

Antigenic Heterogenicity (variation)

28
Q

Invasive factors

A

Anti phagocytic factors, EC enzymes, ability to survive IC

29
Q

Neisseria, gonorrhoeae, E.coli

A

Pili- UTI

30
Q

S.epidermidis , s.mutans

A

Glycocalyx

Heart, teeth

31
Q

M protein cell wall

A

S. Pyogenes

32
Q

Protein A cell wall

A

S. aureus

33
Q

What are the types of bacteria that can change the surface of the ag

A

Antigen Hetrogenicity N.gonorrhea, borrleia

34
Q

Bacteria that escapes phagocytosis

A

Listeria, legionella, m.tuberculosis

POD MID (7 decks)

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