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GRAM (+) COCCI > VIRULENCE FACTOR (STAPHYLOCOCCI) > Flashcards

VIRULENCE FACTOR (STAPHYLOCOCCI) Flashcards

1
Q

A heme enzyme that catalyzes the decomposition of H2O2 to water and oxygen:

A

catalase

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2
Q

Differentiates (+) Staphylococci & (+) Micrococci from Streptococci (-):

A

catalase

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3
Q

Reagent of catalase test:

A

hydrogen peroxide

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4
Q

(+) result of catalase test:

A

bubble formation/ effervescence

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5
Q

Aerobic catalase test:

A

3% H2O2

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6
Q

Anaerobic catalase test:

A

15% H2O2

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7
Q

Superoxidase test:

A

30% H2O2

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8
Q

Causes pseudo-catalase reaction:

A

bubbles = need oxygen = AER

Aerococcus
Enterococcus
Rothia

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9
Q

Coagulates the fibrinogen in plasma:

A

coagulase

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10
Q

Promotes the formation of a fibrin layer therefore protecting the bacteria from phagocytosis:

A

coagulase

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11
Q

Major virulence factor of S. aureus:

A

coagulase

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12
Q

Coagulase bound to the cell wall:

A

cell-bound coagulase/clumping factor

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13
Q

Cell-bound coagulase:

A

it causes bacterial cell to agglutinate in plasma

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14
Q

Coagulase free from the cell wall:

A

unbound coagulase/free factor

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15
Q

Unbound coagulase:

A

it causes clot formation when bacterial cells are incubated with plasma

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16
Q

It enhances invasion and survival in tissues; breaks down hyaluronic acid resulting to spread of bacteria:

A

hyaluronidase

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17
Q

Other names of hyaluronidase:

A

spreading-factor enzyme, Duran-Reynold factor

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18
Q

It dissolves fibrin clot:

A

staphylokinase

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19
Q

Other names of staphylokinase:

A

fibrinolysin

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20
Q

Essential for the survival in sebaceous areas of the body:

A

lipase

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21
Q

It is important for the formation of furuncles, carbuncles and boils:

A

lipase

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22
Q

Other names of lipase:

A

fat-splitting enzyme

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23
Q

Increases organisms mobility:

A

deoxyribonuclease (DNAse) and phosphatase

24
Q

Breaks down penicillin and other beta-lactam drugs:

A

beta-lactamase

25
Q

Acts as neurotoxins that stimulate the vagus nerve to cause vomiting:

A

enterotoxin

26
Q

Resistant to hydrolysis by the gastric and intestinal enzymes:

A

enterotoxin

27
Q

True or False:
Reheating contaminated food will not prevent the disease.

A

TRUE. It is stable to heating at 100C for 30 minutes. They also do not cause any detectable odor or change in appearance or taste to food.

28
Q

Most common enterotoxin:

A

enterotoxin A (78%)

29
Q

Responsible for food poisoning (the infected food handler is the source of contamination):

A

enterotoxin A, B, and D

30
Q

Associated with pseudomembranous enterocolitis:

A

enterotoxin B

31
Q

Causes enterocolitis:

A

enterotoxin B, C, G, and I

32
Q

Is a pore-forming exotoxin that kills WBC; it suppresses phagocytosis:

A

leukocidin/panton-valentine leukocidin

33
Q

Responsible for necrotizing skin and soft tissue infections:

A

PVL

34
Q

PVL causes:

A

community-acquired MRSA

35
Q

It causes anemia- making iron available for microbial growth:

A

hemolysin

36
Q

Disrupts smooth muscle in blood vessels; toxic to RBCs, WBCs, hepatocytes, platelets:

A

alpha hemolysin

37
Q

Alpha hemolysin is exhibited by:

A

S. aureus

38
Q

Catalyzes the hydrolysis of membrane phospholipids resulting in cell lysis:

A

beta hemolysin

39
Q

It destroys sphingomyelin:

A

beta hemolysin

40
Q

Other names of beta hemolysin:

A

hot-cold lysin, sphingomyelinase C

41
Q

Cytolytic to RBCs and demonstrates nonspecific membrane
toxicity to other mammalian cells:

A

delta hemolysin

42
Q

Delta hemolysin is exhibited by:

A

S. aureus, S. epidermidis, S. hemolyticus

43
Q

Responsible for the various skin, wound, and deep tissue
infections:

A

gamma hemolysin

44
Q

Gamma hemolysin is exhibited by:

A

S. aureus

45
Q

Associated with PVL:

A

gamma hemolysin

46
Q

It causes the epidermal layer of the skin to slough off:

A

exfoliating toxin A and B

47
Q

It causes SSS or Ritter disease:

A

exfoliating toxin A and B

48
Q

Other names of Exfoliating toxin:

A

epidermolytic toxin

49
Q

A chromosomal-mediated toxin:

A

TSST-1

50
Q

Causes menstruating-associated TSS:

A

TSST-1

51
Q

Other names of TSST-1:

A

enterotoxin F, pyogenic exototxin C

52
Q

Immunologically active substance found in the cell wall:

A

protein A

53
Q

Antiphagocytic by competing with neutrophils for the fc portion of specific opsonin:

A

protein A

54
Q

Appear as a slime layer/biofilm; inhibits phagocytosis:

A

capsule

55
Q

Activates complement, IL-1, and act as a chemotactic factor for the recruitment of PMNs:

A

peptidoglycan

GRAM (+) COCCI (7 decks)

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