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GRAM (+) COCCI > I. STAPHYLOCOCCI > Flashcards

I. STAPHYLOCOCCI Flashcards

1
Q

Greek word meaning “bunches of grapes”:

A

“staphle”

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2
Q

Are catalase- producing bacteria; facultative anaerobic:

A

staphylococci

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3
Q

The only obligate anaerobe of the staphylococci spp.:

A

S. saccharolyticus

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4
Q

Are non-motile, non-spore forming and glucose fermenter:

A

staphylococci

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5
Q

Microscopy of staphylococci:

A

spherical cells that appear singly, in pairs and in clusters

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6
Q

Culture of staphylococci:

A

cream, white or light gold, and “buttery looking”

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7
Q

The most virulent specie:

A

S. aureus

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8
Q

Aureus means:

A

“gold”

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9
Q

Culture of S. aureus:

A

golden yellow pigment (lipochrome), B-hemolytic (BAP)

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10
Q

Cultivated with added 7.5-10% NaCl:

A

halophilic microorganism

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11
Q

Chiefly responsible for the various skin, wound, and deep tissue infection:

A

S. aureus

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12
Q

Toxin-induced diseases:

A

food poisoning, SSS, TSS

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13
Q

Extensive exfoliative dermatitis that occur primarily in newborns and previously healthy children:

A

scalded skin syndrome (SSS)

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14
Q

Rare but potentially fatal. multisystem disease characterized by a sudden onset of fever, chills, vomiting, diarrhea, muscles aches and rash, which can quickly progress to hypotension and shock:

A

toxic shock syndrome (TSS)

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15
Q

Mild inflammation of hair follicle or sebaceous gland:

A

folliculitis

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16
Q

Large, raised, superficial abscesses; can be an extension of folliculitis:

A

furuncles/boils

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17
Q

Develop from multiple furuncles which may progress to deeper tissues; patients may have fever and chills (systemic infection):

A

carbuncles

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18
Q

Superficial cutaneous infection characterized by crusty lesions and vesicles surrounded by a red border’ common in children:

A

impetigo

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19
Q

Is a contaminant of medical instruments- catheters, CSF shunts and prosthetic heart valve implants:

A

S. epidermidis

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20
Q

Helps S. epidermidis in the adherence to devices:

A

poly-gamma-DL-glutamic acid

21
Q

Culture of S. epidermidis:

A

non-hemolytic, non-pigmented, white opaque, pinhead colonies (BAP)

22
Q

Virulence factor of S. epidermidis:

A

slime layer/biofilm

23
Q

Antimicrobial test of S. epidermidis:

A

susceptible to 5ug Novobiocin

24
Q

Zone of inhibition of S. epidermidis:

A

16-27mm

25
Q

Is associated with community-acquired UTI in young, sexually active females:

A

S. saprophyticus

26
Q

Culture of S. saprophyticus:

A

nonhemolytic, (50% of strains) yellow pigmented, white opaque, pinhead colonies (BAP)

27
Q

Significant findings in urine culture for S. saprophyticus:

A

10,000 CFU/mL

28
Q

Antimicrobial test of S. saprophyticus:

A

resistant to 5ug Novobiocin

29
Q

Zone of inhibition of S. saprophyticus:

A

6-12mm

30
Q

More aggressive than the other CoNS in its ability to be infective- associated with catheter-related bacteremia and endocarditis:

A

S. lugdunensis

31
Q

Clinically mimic S. aureus:

A

S. lugdunensis

32
Q

Acquired after prolonged hospital stay; proximity to patients with MRSA; after receiving broad spectrum antibiotics; nasal carriage:

A

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

33
Q

Chromogenic test of MRSA:

A

(+) mauve-colored colonies within 24 hours and confirmed within 48 hours

34
Q

Resistance to penicillinase-resistant penicillin is due to an altered penicillin binding protein known as:

A

PBP2a or PBP’2

35
Q

PBP2a has low affinity to:

A

B-lactam drugs

36
Q

All cells have genetic element for oxacillin resistance, but not all cells express resistance by virtue of PBP2a production:

A

hetero-resistant strains

37
Q

These isolates generally have MICs right above the breakpoint for oxacillin-susceptibility:

A

borderline-oxacillin-resistant isolates

38
Q

Resistant gene that codes for oxacillin resistance:

A

mecA gene

39
Q

Resistant gene that codes for methylation of 23s rRNA, which results to resistance to erythromycin:

A

erm gene

40
Q

erm gene has cross resistance to:

A

macrolides (erythromycin) and streptogramins (quinupristin)

41
Q

erm means:

A

Erythromycin Ribosomal Methylase

42
Q

Resistant gene that codes for an efflux mechanism, which results in resistance to erythromycin but susceptible to clindamycin:

A

msr A gene

43
Q

msr A means:

A

Methionine Sulfoxide Reductase A

44
Q

Harbors a single strain for an extended period of time:

A

persistent carriers

45
Q

Harbors different strains over time:

A

intermittent carriers

46
Q

Do not harbor any organisms:

A

noncarriers

47
Q

Causes skin infections in immunocompromised patients:

A

micrococci

48
Q

Microscopy of Micrococci:

A

gram-positive cocci in tetrads

GRAM (+) COCCI (7 decks)

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