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GRAM (+) COCCI > GROUP A STREPTOCOCCI > Flashcards

GROUP A STREPTOCOCCI Flashcards

1
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:
Group A streptococci is NOT part of the normal flora.

A

TRUE. It is pathogenic to man.

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2
Q

MOT:

A

contaminated droplet

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3
Q

“Fever producing bacteria”; flesh eating bacteria:

A

S. pyogenes

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4
Q

Microscopy of S. pyogenes:

A

gram-positive cocci in chains

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5
Q

Culture of S. pyogenes:

A

small, translucent and smooth; well-defined B-hemolysis

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6
Q

Cultivation media:

A
  1. BAP: beta-hemolytic
  2. Columbia agar with Colistin and Nalidixic acid (CNA)
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7
Q

Will inhibit gram-negative organisms, staphylococci, Bacillus spp., & coryneform:

A

CNA

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8
Q

Major virulence factor; antiphagocytic:

A

M protein

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9
Q

Not present in any other Lancefield groups:

A

M protein

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10
Q

Inhibits the activation of complement:

A

M protein

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11
Q

Associated with rheumatic fever:

A

Class I M protein

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12
Q

Associated with glomerulonephritis:

A

Class II M protein

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13
Q

Mediates epithelial cell attachement:

A

protein F

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14
Q

Bacterial adherence to the respiratory epithelium:

A

lipoteichoic acid

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15
Q

Weakly immunogenic; prevents opsonized phagocytosis; masks its antigens:

A

hyaluronic acid capsule

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16
Q

Causes the lysis of fibrin clots:

A

streptokinase

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17
Q

A protein that binds to plasminogen and activates the production of plasmin:

A

streptokinase

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18
Q

“Oxygen-labile”; highly antigenic:

A

streptolysin O

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19
Q

Responsible for subsurface hemolysis on BAP incubated ANAEROBICALLY:

A

streptolysin O

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20
Q

Causes lysis of WBCs, platelets, tissue cells; induces antibody response:

A

streptolysin O

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21
Q

Streptolysin O is inhibited by:

A

cholesterol in skin lipids

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22
Q

Detects recent infection with S. pyogenes:

A

Anti-streptolysin O test

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23
Q

Detect antibodies to the streptolysin O enzyme produced by group A streptococcus, which is able to lyse RBCs:

A

Anti-streptolysin O test

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24
Q

The most diagnostically important antibodies:

A

“HAD”
Anti-hyaluronidase
Anti-ASO
Anti-DNAse B

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25
Q

“Oxygen-stable”; nonantigenic:

A

streptolysin S

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26
Q

Responsible for subsurface hemolysis on BAP incubated AEROBICALLY:

A

streptolysin S

27
Q

Causes lysis of WBCs:

A

streptolysin S

28
Q

Provides more mobility to the pathogen:

A

deoxyribonucleases (DNAse)

29
Q

Inactivates the chemotactic factor for neutrophils and monocytes:

A

C5 peptidase

30
Q

It solubilizes the ground substance of mammalian tissue to separate the tissue and spread the organism:

A

hyaluronidase (spreading-factor enzyme)

31
Q

Act as superantigens activating macrophages and T-helper cells, and induces the release of powerful immune mediators:

A

Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins (SPEs)

32
Q

SPEs are formerly known as:

A

erythrogenic toxins

33
Q

Mediates rash in scarlet fever:

A

SPEs

34
Q

“Strep throat”

A

pharyngitis or tonsilitis

35
Q

Diagnosis of pharyngitis:

A

throat culture or direct antigen detection

36
Q

A punctuate exanthem overlying diffuse erythema and appears initially on the neck and upper chest:

A

scarlet fever (scarlatina)

37
Q

It results from a throat infection with a strain of S. pyogenes that carries a lysogenic bacteriophage(T12):

A

scarlet fever

38
Q

Cardinal signs of Scarlet fever:

A
  1. diffused red rash from the chest to the extremities
  2. “strawberry colored” tongue
39
Q

Susceptibility test for scarlet fever:

A

Dick’s test (erythrogenic toxin)

40
Q

Dick’s test (+) result:

A

erythema or redness of the sites

41
Q

Diagnostic test for scarlet fever (current infection):

A

Schultz Charlton (anti-erythrogenic toxin)

42
Q

Schultz Charlton (+) result:

A

“blanching phenomenon” - rash fades

43
Q

Skin infection characterized by a defined area of redness (erythema) and accumulation of fluid (edema):

A

cellulitis

44
Q

Skin infection characterized by painful reddish patches that enlarges and thicken with a sharply defined edges:

A

erysipelas

45
Q

“Galloping gangrene or flesh-eating bacteria syndrome”

A

necrotizing fasciitis

46
Q

Categories of necrotizing fasciitis:

A

Types:
1: mixed infection caused by both anaerobic and aerobic species
2: consists only of group A streptococci
3: gas gangrene and clostridial myonecrosis

47
Q

Characterized by fever, inflammation of the heart, joints, and blood vessels:

A

rheumatic fever

48
Q

Inflammatory disease of the renal glomeruli; results from the deposition of antigen-antibody complexes:

A

acute glomerulonephritis or Bright’s disease

49
Q

Condition in which the entire organ system shuts down, leading to death:

A

streptococcal TSS

50
Q

Plays a major role in the pathogenesis of streptococcal TSS:

A

Spe A

51
Q

Specimen on choice:

A

pharynx and tonsillar swabs (throat swab)

52
Q

Used to differentiate S. pyogenes from other B-hemolytic group:

A

bacitracin disk test/taxo A

53
Q

Helpful in the screening for Group A streptococci in throat cultures:

A

bacitracin disk test

54
Q

Bacitracin disk test (+) result:

A

any zone of inhibition (susceptible)

55
Q

Organism also susceptible (+) to bacitracin:

A

Group C and G

56
Q

Sulfamethoxazole and Trimethoprim (SXT) test (+) result:

A

resistant (Group A and B)

57
Q

SXT test (-) result:

A

susceptible (Group C)

58
Q

Detects the presence of PYRase or pyrolidonyl-arylamidase enzyme:

A

PYR test

59
Q

The only B-hemolytic streptococci that is PYR (+):

A

S. pyogenes

60
Q

PYR test (+) result:

A

bright/cherry red color (B-naphthylamide) upon adding 0.01% of cinnamaldehyde reagent (p-dimethyl-aminocinnamaldehyde)

61
Q

PYR test (-) result:

A

no color change

62
Q

Other PYR test (+) organism:

A

“GAE”
Gemella
Aerococcus
Enterococcus

63
Q

Drug of choice:

A

Penicillin, Erythromycin

GRAM (+) COCCI (7 decks)

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