Virtue Theory- Voluntary And Involuntary Actions

Question 1

We know what we are doing and we bring about it ourselves

Voluntary or involuntary?

Answer 1

Voluntary actions

Question 2

Force(like reflex) and ignorance(e.g.misheard someone) renders actions…

Voluntary or involuntary?

Answer 2

Involuntary

Question 3

Explain the 3 cases of stepping on someone’s foot

Answer 3

Pushed= Force- no blame

Didn’t realise= ignorance- no blame

Know it’s there, no force= voluntary- blame

Question 4

Explain physical force and psychological pressure

Answer 4

Can’t blame someone when the psychological pressure is very strong

When we act involuntary we do so with pain and regret

• sailors throwing goods overboard during a storm
• voluntary act in avoiding the greater evil

Question 5

What actions do praise and blame relate to?

Answer 5

Voluntary actions

Question 6

Explain ignorance

Answer 6

Whether an action is done from ignorance- is involuntary or voluntary depends on regret

Acting in ignorance is the same as acting from ignorance eg drink

Involuntary actions from ignorance involves ignorance of the particular circumstances of actions