Virtue Ethics/Ethics of Care

Question 1

Gilligan said:

Answer 1

• The ethics of care challenges Rawl’s idea that justice is the “first” virtue of social institutions
• The virtue of justice is “too cold” and requires the warmth of “care”
• Non-interference can amount to neglect

Question 2

Annette C. Baiers’ three reasons women have not to be content to pursue their values within the framework of liberal morality

Answer 2

○ Its dubious record

○ Its inattention to inequality or chosen equality

○ Its exaggeration of the scope of choice, or its inattention to unchosen relations

Question 3

Ethics of Care

Answer 3

• Human emotions have as much room in morality as human reasoning

Question 4

Lawrence Kohlberg on Human Moral Development

Answer 4

Moral Psychology

“To be mature, you must go through three stages” in terms of principles

■Fear/Power
■Shame/Honor
■Guilt/Righteousness

Question 5

Carol Gilligan on Human Moral Development

Answer 5

“The problem with Kohlberg is that is the way for males, not females”

○Women operate with feelings

-There are three different stages of development in terms of care
■Personal needs
■Pleasing others
■Balance of both

Question 6

Nichomachean Ethics by Aristotle

Answer 6

-All human activities aim at some good

Question 7

The highest “good” (Aristotle)

Answer 7

a final end to all activity/s or character/s

Question 8

Virtue (According to Aristotle)

Answer 8

is intellectual and moral. We are taught virtues and are able to practice them

Question 9

Virtues are

Answer 9

moral states as a property of the soul

Question 10

Virtue is

Answer 10

a mean between the two vices of excess and deficiency

Question 11

According to Aristotle, it is best to

Answer 11

go towards a good, or as far from a vice as possible